Week 7 -Digestive System (Stomach, Small and Large Intestines, Accessory Organs)

fundus

dome-shaped region of the stomach

pylorus

lower, funnel-shaped part of the stomach that is continuous with the duodenum

body

mid-portion of the stomach

pyloric sphincter

sphincter that controls stomach emptying

rugae

folds of gastrointestinal mucosa and submucosa in the empty stomach and other organs

duodenum

first part of the small intestine, which starts at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the jejunum

jejunum

middle part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum

ileum

end of the small intestine between the jejunum and the large intestine

ileocecal sphicter

sphincter located where the small intestine joins with the large intestine

plicae circulares

deep folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine

villi

projection of the mucosa of the small intestine

microvilli

small projection of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the small intestinal mucosa

brush border

fuzzy appearance of the small intestinal mucosa created by microvilli

vermiform appendix

coiled tube attached to the caecum

caecum

pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine

ascending colon

first region of the colon

transverse colon

part of the colon between the ascending colon and the descending colon

descending colon

part of the colon between the transverse colon and the sigmoid colon

sigmoid colon

end portion of the colon, which terminates at the rectum

rectum

part of the large intestine between the sigmoid colon and anal canal

anal canal

continuous with the large intestine with two muscle anal sphincter

internal anal sphincter

smooth muscle, involuntary

external anal sphincter

skeletal muscle, voluntary

defecation

elimination of undigested substances from the body in the form of faeces

accessory digestive organ

includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas

pancreas

accessory digestive organ that secretes pancreatic juice

pancreatic juice

secretion of the pancreas containing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

main pancreatic duct

duct through which pancreatic juice drains from the pancreas

hepatopancreatic ampulla

bulb-like point in the wall of the duodenum where the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite

bile

alkaline solution produced by the liver and important for the emulsification of lipids

common bile duct

structure formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct of the gallbladder

falciform ligament

Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver as a remnant of umbilical vein

porta hepatis

"gateway to the liver" where the hepatic artery proper and hepatic portal vein enter the liver

hepatic artery proper

artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

hepatic portal vein

vein that supplies deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood to the liver

common hepatic duct

duct formed by the mergeing of the two hepatic ducts

cystic duct

duct through which bile drains and enters the gallbladder