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Why might an examination of effect sizes be incorporated into our analysis?
This helps address the flaws in NHST.
Why is it important to conduct a meta-analysis after testing a new antibiotic with identical trials?
It allows us to calculate an average effect size.
What is the purpose of pre-registration in scientific research?
To publicly document the research plan, including hypotheses and analysis methods, before data collection begins.
What term describes the act of omitting non-significant findings in a report?
p-hacking
What does a Pearson’s r of 0.50 indicate about effect size?
A Pearson’s r of 0.50 is a large effect.
What does the effect size measure in a statistical study?
The strength or magnitude of the relationship between variables.
How many of the 95% confidence intervals will typically contain the population mean?
95 out of 100 confidence intervals.
Can you have confidence in a true correlation of at least 0.30 if the lower boundary of the confidence interval is 0.131?
No, you cannot be confident because the lower boundary is less than 0.30.
What does HARKing refer to in scientific research?
Formulating hypotheses after knowing the results and presenting them as if they were made beforehand.
What is the most likely consequence of having low statistical power in a study?
The study is less likely to detect a true effect.
What happens to the confidence interval as the sample size increases?
It gets narrower.
How does the width of a 99% confidence interval compare to that of a 95% confidence interval?
The 99% confidence interval is wider than the 95% confidence interval.
What alternative purpose can confidence intervals serve?
Instead of conventional statistics based on point estimates.
What factor increases the statistical power of a hypothesis test?
Increasing the sample size.
What is the significance of a significant result in studies dealing with productivity?
A significant result does not mean that the effect is important.
What does a significant test statistic indicate?
That the test statistic is larger than expected if there were no effect in the population.
What is linear regression?
It identifies significant predictors for a continuous outcome variable and models a linear relationship.
What is the Null hypothesis for a linear regression model regarding Gestational Age and Birth Weight?
There is no linear relationship between Gestational Age and Birth Weight.
If X is 5.3 in the regression equation Y = 10X + 20, what is Y?
Y equals 73.
Why can socio-economic status not predict if a teacher works at a primary or secondary school?
Because the outcome variable is nominal, not continuous.
With a correlation coefficient of 0.64, what percentage of the Y-axis variable's variation is explained by the X-axis variable?
41% of the variation is explained.
What must be true about the residuals when performing regression analysis?
They must be normally distributed.
What is true of regression lines?
They can be used to predict one variable from another and are created by minimizing the difference between the line and the data points.
What does the regression formula y = 5x + 15 tell you when X = 0?
The value of Y (intercept) is 15.
What does R² represent in multiple linear regression?
The proportion of variance in the outcome accounted for by the predictor variable or variables.
What does the F-ratio signify in a regression model?
It is the ratio of variance explained by the model to the error in the model.
What assumption is violated if a psychologist's model shows heteroscedasticity?
The assumption for generalized findings from the model.
What is multicollinearity?
When predictor variables correlate very highly with each other.
What does the value 847.685 represent in consumer research?
The total error in predicting fear scores with included predictors.
What does homoscedasticity in a regression line indicate?
That regression assumptions have been met.
How much variance in burnout does the final model explain for the sample of lecturers?
80.3%.
What is shared between variable A and variable B in a regression with two explanatory variables?
The remaining variance which was explained.
When reviewing the influence of a predictor in a linear model, what would you examine?
t-statistic.
What percentage of fear is shared by gender and fantasy proneness in the population?
13.5%.
