Fluid Statics & Dynamics - Comprehensive Notes (PHY 131)

These flashcards encompass the key concepts and definitions related to Fluid Statics and Dynamics as outlined in the lecture notes.

Fluid

A substance that flows and takes the shape of its container, including liquids and gases.

Density (ρ)

Defined as mass per unit volume, represented by the formula ρ = m/V, measured in kg/m³.

Pressure (P)

The force exerted per unit area, calculated as P = F/A, measured in Pascals (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m².

Gauge Pressure

Pressure measurements that exclude atmospheric pressure, calculated as P - P■.

Pascal’s Principle

The principle stating that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

Archimedes’ Principle

States that an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Continuity Equation

A principle stating that the mass flow rate is constant for incompressible fluids, expressed as A■v■ = A■v■ = Q.

Flow Rate (Q)

The volume of fluid passing through an area per unit time, measured in m³/s, L/s, or cm³/s.

Bernoulli’s Equation

An equation expressing the conservation of energy in fluid flow: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant.

Venturi Effect

A phenomenon where faster fluid flow results in lower pressure; an application of Bernoulli’s principle.

Pitot Tube

A device used to measure fluid velocity by observing the pressure difference between stagnation and static pressure.

Surface Tension (γ)

The force per unit length acting at the surface of a liquid, measured in N/m.

Capillary Rise

The height a liquid will rise or fall in a narrow tube due to surface tension, calculated with h = 2γcosθ / (ρgr).

Common Constants

Standard values such as g = 9.80 m/s², ρ_water = 1000 kg/m³, and atmospheric pressure P■ = 1.013 × 10^5 Pa.

Buoyant Force

The upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid, equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.