Nature and Properties of Light

Study of everyday phenomena, the fundamental laws of nature

Physics

Two types of physics

Classical and modern

Traditional forces the were recognized and developed before the beginning of the 20th century, at the macroscopic scale (broader)

Classical Physics

Concepts that have surfaced since the beginning of the 20th century, nature and behavior of particles and energy at the sub microscopic level

Modern Physics

The study of forces of acting on bodies whether at rest or in motion

Mechanics

The study of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy

Thermodynamics

The study of the production and propagation of sound waves

Acoustics

The study of the properties of electric current and magnetism and their relationship

Electromagnetism

The study of light and vision and all the phenomenon related to it

Optics

It comes from the Greek work optike “look, appearance”. Branch of physics that deals with the determination of behavior and properties of light

Optics

What are the main branches of optics? (GPPQO)

Geometrical, physical, physiological, quantum, ophthalmic 

One of the branches of Optics that is reflection and refraction of light as encountered in the study of mirrors and lenses

Geometric Optics

One of the branches of Optics that it deals with the straight line propagation of light and formation of images by lenses and mirrors and prisms. Laws of: Rectilinear Propagation of Light, Reflection, Refraction

Geometric Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is wave Optics: production, nature, and properties of light

Physical Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is the study of light in the form of wave which travels through a medium. The light behaves like a classical wave and not like a ray or particle

Physical Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is visual Optics: study on the part played by light in vision.

Physiological Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is how the eye acts as an optical system. With the perceptual processes in the eye and its associated neuronal structure in the brain

Physiological Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is mechanical Optics: science of visual perception and physiology of the eye.

Ophthalmic Optics

It is area within optics that describes the human eye and the measurement and correction of  visual defects  with any type of visual aid

Ophthalmic Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is photon Optics: interaction between light and matter

Quantum Optics

One of the branches of Optics that is a field that deals specifically with the interaction of photons with matter

Quantum Optics

Light as made up of tiny bundles of energy called ?

Quanta or photon

It is proven the nothing is emitted by the eyes; light not “stuff” is the key to vision

Collison of stuff theory

Objects that are able to emit their own light

Luminous objects

It is a form of radian energy radiated out through space by luminous bodies at an speed of 186k miles/sec

Light

It can acts as a particle (photon) and wave

Light

It contains the topic of diffraction, dispersion, interference, polarization

Wave

It contains the topic of rectilinear propagation, reflection, refraction

Particle

“Light came from visible objects”

Pythagoras

“The eye is the source of light”

Empedocles

“Both the eye and the visible object are sources of light”

Plato

The one who came up with theory of Corpuscular Theory

Isaac Newton

Known as particle theory of light where the light is composed of minute particles called corpuscles

Corpuscular Theory

The one who came up with theory of Wave Theory

Christian Huygens

Known as undulatory theory where the light is a wave, spreading a “transverse wave” out from light source in all direction and propagating through an all-pervasive elastic medium called “ether”

Wave Theory

In wave theory, it is a medium where light travels

Ether

The one who came up with theory of Electromagnetic Theory

James Clerk Maxwell

Known as classical electromagnetism where waves are electromagnetic waves which consisting of varying electric and magnetic fields

Electromagnetic Theory

In electromagnetic theory, an energy associated when electric magnetic fields vibrates perpendicular to the direction of propagation

Electromagnetic Waves

In electromagnetic spectrum, the ultraviolet ,x-ray, and gamma ray are the frequencies that are _____ than visible light.

Greater

In electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared, microwave, radiowave are the frequencies that are ____ than visible light

Less

The one who came up with theory of Quantum Theory

Max Planck

Known as photoelectric effect where light hitting a metal surface cause electrons to be ejected from the metal

Quantum Theory

In quantum theory, Max Planck proposed the amount of energy is not continuous but _____ (all energies are multiples of the smallest fundamental unit of energy)

Quantized

The one who extended the quantum theory of Max Planck to light and considered that radiant energy consists of discrete units of energy called quanta/photons

Albert Einstein

In quantum theory, atoms emit light in discrete energy packets rather than in a continuos manner

Photon Theory

A material that moves energy or light from one substance to another, or from one location to another, or from one surface to another

Medium

The speed of light in “Vacuum”

186,050mi/sec

The speed of light in “Air”

186,000mi/sec

The speed of light in “Water”

140,000mi/sec

The speed of light in “Ordinary Glass”

124,000mi/sec

The speed of light in “Diamond”

77,500mi/sec

The first person who attempted to measure the speed of light but was not successful. He concluded that light travels at an infinite speed

Galileo

He predicted that the speed of light is finite by observing the Jupiter’s nearest moon

Ole Romer

The first man to measure the speed of light through land experiment (Toothed Wheel Experiment)

Armand Fizeau

The first person to measure the speed of light in water (Rotating Mirror Experiment)

Leon Foucault

It contains a range, or spectrum of wavelengths

Polychromatic

Splitting of white light into its component colors

Dispersion

The bouncing back of light at the surface of a medium

Reflection

The bending of lightr as it passes from on optical medium to another

Refraction

The process in which light is absorbed by matter and converted into energy

Absorption

It allows light to pass through a material

Transmission

Type of material where it allows light to be transmitted through them easily (glass, air, water)

Transparent

Type of material where it allows some to be transmitted but not all of the light (wax paper, glass blocks)

Translucent

Type of material where it doesn’t transmit any light (book, brick wall)

Opaque

Type of light source on how light produced that the object gave the natural ability to emit light (sun, stars)

Natural Source

Type of light source on how light produced that any device or object that generates light as a result of human activity, as opposed to sources found in nature.

Artificial Source

Type of artificial source where it emits due to high temperature

Incandescent Source

Type of artificial source where it emits when the electrons get excited and fall to lower temperature levels

Luminescent Source

Type of artificial source where it passes electricity through certain gases at very low pressure

Gas Discharge Source

It is a type of light in size source that emits light from a single point in space

Point Source

It is a type of light source in size that has significant size and emits light from different points in space

Extended Source