Berlin refugee crisis, ultimatum & summit meetings

What major divisions occurred in Germany in 1949?

Germany was divided into West Germany and East Germany.

What happened as a results of the East German government’s unpopularity?

there were riots against it in 1953

What major divisions occurred in Germany in 1949?

Germany was divided into West Germany and East Germany.

What happened as a results of the East German government’s unpopularity?

there were riots against it in 1953

How many East Germans had crossed to the West by 1958?

Three million East Germans had crossed to the West.

What professions were notably leaving East Germany and causing economic issues?

Engineers, technicians, and teachers.

What led to the Berlin Ultimatum and eventually the Berlin Wall?

People leaving East Germany to go to West Germany since they had a better economy so East Germany lost a lot of important workers.

What was Khrushchev's aim with the Berlin Ultimatum?

To end the refugee problem and make Berlin part of East Germany and to demand Western powers leave.

What did Krushchev ask Western countries to do in 1958?

November 1958, Khrushchev demanded that the Western countries should recognise East Germany as an independent country but they refused.

When did Krushchev issue the Berlin Ultimatum?

On 27 November he issued his ultimatum.

What did Krushchev say he would do if the West didn’t agree to his ultimatum?

If the West had not agreed within six months, Khrushchev said he would hand over control of all routes into Berlin to the government of East Germany.

What was the purpose of the summit meetings ?

To discuss the problem of the Ultimatum as the West were outraged by Krushchev’s decision and thought he was trying to spread communism

When was the Geneva summit?

May 1959

What happened at the Geneva summit?

the foreign ministers met

No solution was reached

it was agreed Khrushchev and Eisenhower would meet in person

When was the Camp David meeting?

September 1959

What was a key outcome of the Camp David meeting?

The Soviets agreed to withdraw the Ultimatum.

When was the Paris summit?

May 1960

What occurred at the summit meeting in Paris?

The Soviets announced they shot down an American U-2 spy plane.

Why did Khrushchev walk out of the Paris meeting?

Eisenhower refused to apologise for the U-2 incident.

When was the Vienna meeting?

June 1961

What happened at the Vienna meeting?

Khrushchev renewed the Berlin Ultimatum.

Kennedy refused to make any concessions and the meeting ended.

relations between Kennedy and Khrushchev were strained.

What did Krushchev think he could do at the Vienna meeting?

Khrushchev believed he could get the better of the new AmericanPresident, John Kennedy, whose reputation was weakened by the Bay of Pigs.

What did Kennedy decide regarding American armed forces after the Vienna meeting?

He decided to increase spending on the American armed forces by over $2 billion.

What demand was presented in Khrushchev's Berlin Ultimatum regarding Western troops?

That Western troops should leave Berlin.