History Full Revision Set

Who were the six Great Powers at the start of the 20th Century

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, Russia and Great Britain

What is an alliance

A union between countries with mutual interests

Why did countries form alliances in the early 20th century

To protect their interests and increase power and status

What was the alliance between Germany Austria-Hungary and Italy called

The Triple Alliance

What was the alliance between Britain France and Russia called

The Triple Entente

Why were France and Germany rivals

Germany took Alsace-Lorraine from France in 1870

Why were Russia and Austria-Hungary rivals

Russia supported Serbian independence in the Balkans

Who was Tsar of Russia

Nicholas II

Who was Emperor of Austria-Hungary

Franz Joseph

Which was the first country to industrialise

Great Britain

Which Great Power was least industrialised

Russia

Why was Austria-Hungary difficult to govern

It contained many different nationalities

What was Britain’s policy of staying out of European affairs called

Splendid Isolation

When did Russia join the Triple Entente

1907

What is a colony

A country’s overseas territory

Give two reasons countries wanted empires

Prestige and access to raw materials and markets

Name one country in the British Empire

India

Name one country in the French Empire

Vietnam

Name one country in the German Empire

Namibia

Which countries wanted to expand their influence in the Balkans

Russia and Austria-Hungary

What fraction of the world did the British Empire cover by 1900

One quarter

How many colonies did Britain have in 1900

56

How many colonies did Germany have

10

What is nationalism

Strong pride in your country and belief it is superior

By 1914 which country was strongest economically

Germany

Which region caused rivalry between France and Germany

Alsace-Lorraine

Why was Morocco important to France

Mining agriculture and trade

Why did Morocco increase tensions with Germany

Germany feared it would become a French colony

What was Britain’s greatest military strength

Its navy

What was Britain’s response to German naval expansion

Building HMS Dreadnought

What is a naval race

Competition between countries to build stronger navies

What is an arms race

Competition to build stronger armies and weapons

Who defeated Russia in 1905

Japan

What was the Schlieffen Plan

Germany’s plan to defeat France quickly then Russia

Why did Germany invade Belgium

To avoid French defences

How long did Germany think Russia would take to mobilise

Six weeks

What was France’s war plan called

Plan XVII

What caused the failure of the Schlieffen Plan

Belgian resistance British and French defence and fast Russian mobilisation

What is a stalemate

When neither side can advance

How deep were trenches

About 2 metres

Why were trenches built in a zig-zag pattern

To stop enemy fire travelling along them

What was no man’s land

Area between opposing trenches

What is attrition

Wearing the enemy down through continuous losses

What was the purpose of a CCS

Treat and sort wounded soldiers

How were machine guns mainly used

Defensively

How many rounds per minute could a Vickers machine gun fire

About 500

Why was artillery important

To destroy defences and barbed wire

Name one gas used in WW1

Mustard gas

What injuries did gas cause

Blindness and suffocation

What was the aim of the Battle of the Somme

To relieve pressure on Verdun

How many British casualties were suffered on the first day of the Somme

57,470

What was the aim of Passchendaele

Break German lines and reach the coast

Where was the main British naval base

Scapa Flow

What was unrestricted submarine warfare

Sinking ships without warning

Why did Germany use U-boats

To starve Britain of supplies

What was a convoy system

Merchant ships sailing together with protection

What was the Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk in 1915

What event took Russia out of the war in 1917

The Russian Revolution

Why did the USA join the war

Lusitania sinking and the Zimmermann Telegram

What was Operation Michael

Germany’s 1918 spring offensive

What battle was the Black Day for Germany

Battle of Amiens

When was the armistice signed

11 November 1918

What was the Weimar Republic

Germany’s new democratic government after WW1

What was Article 48

Emergency powers for the President

What was proportional representation

Seats matched the percentage of votes

What was the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty punishing Germany after WW1

What was Article 231

War Guilt Clause

What caused hyperinflation in Germany

Printing too much money

Who benefited from hyperinflation

People with loans and debts

Who suffered most from hyperinflation

Middle class and pensioners

What was the Dawes Plan

US loans to Germany

What was the Young Plan

Reduced reparations

Who was leader of the Nazi Party

Adolf Hitler

What was the SA

Nazi paramilitary group

What was Mein Kampf

Hitler’s book outlining Nazi ideas

What lesson did Hitler learn from the Munich Putsch

Gain power legally

What caused the Great Depression

Wall Street Crash 1929

How many were unemployed in Germany by 1933

6 million

Why did Hitler become Chancellor in 1933

Political deals and elite support

What was the Enabling Act

Allowed Hitler to make laws without Reichstag approval

What was the Night of the Long Knives

Purge of SA leaders

What does totalitarian mean

Total control over people’s lives

What were the Nuremberg Laws

Laws discriminating against Jews

What was Kristallnacht

State-led attack on Jews in 1938

What is the Truman Doctrine

US policy to stop the spread of communism

What was the Marshall Plan

US financial aid to rebuild Europe

What is a satellite state

Country controlled by another

What caused the Vietnam War

Spread of communism in Southeast Asia

What was the Domino Theory

Belief countries would fall to communism one by one

Why did the USA get involved in Vietnam

To stop communism spreading

What was the Vietcong

Communist guerrilla fighters

Why did the USA fail in Vietnam

Guerrilla tactics public opposition and jungle warfare

What were Jim Crow laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation

What was Brown v Topeka

Supreme Court case ending school segregation

Who was Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist who sparked the bus boycott

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Protest against segregated buses

What was the Civil Rights Act 1964

Ended segregation in public places

What was the Voting Rights Act 1965

Protected black Americans’ right to vote

What did the women’s rights movement campaign for

Equal pay and equal opportunities

What was the Equal Pay Act 1963

Law requiring equal pay for equal work