vocab 3b

ratification

the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid

KY and VA resolutions

condemned the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and claimed that because these acts overstepped federal authority under the Constitution, they were null and void

hamilton’s financial plan

called for the government to repay both federal and state debt

proclamation of neutrality

President George Washington issued a Neutrality Proclamation to define the policy of the United States in response to the spreading war in Europe

abolition

the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution

abigail adams

formor first lady of the united states

PA Gradual Emancipation Law

To appease slave owners, the act gradually emancipated enslaved people without making slavery immediately illegal

Atlantic Revolutions

numerous revolutions in the Atlantic World in the late 18th and early 19th century. Following the Age of Enlightenment, ideas critical of absolutist monarchies began to spread

march of the Paxton Boys

marched on Philadelphia intending to "put to death all the Indians in the Barracks." Rumors placed the number much higher.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

final battle of the Northwest Indian War, a struggle between Native American tribes affiliated with the Northwestern Confederacy and their British allies, against the nascent United States for control of the Northwest Territory

Shay’s Rebellion

uprising in western Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and stringent economic conditions.

Scots-Irish migration

more Scots-Irish emigrated to the continent than almost any other group, and it is estimated that at least 250,000 Scots-Irish lived in the American colonies by the 1770s

Spanish mission settlements

 twenty-one missions in Alta California, stretching 600 miles from San Diego to San Francisco along a path eventually known as the “California Mission Trail.” The goal of these settlements was twofold: to protect Spanish colonial interests in the new world “civilize,” educate, and convert Native Americans into tax-paying Spanish colonial citizens

corridors

a belt of land linking two other areas or following a road or river

vaqueros

mexican cowboys

northwest ordinance

set a process for new states to join the United States of America, ensuring the country would continue to grow

private property

legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.

northwest territory

congress formed from unorganized western territory of the United States after the American Revolution

mississippi river

primary river, and second-longest river, of the largest drainage basin in the United States.

diplomatic/ diplomacy

of or concerning the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations

jay’s treaty

sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence

pinckney’s treaty

agreement between Spain and the United States, fixing the southern boundary of the United States at 31° N latitude and establishing commercial arrangements favourable to the United States; U.S. citizens were accorded free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory.

federalists

a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority; aka alexander hamiliton

democractic republicans

the political philosophy adopted by the Republican Party during the early 1800s that called for a limited national government and reduced federal spending

thomas jefferson

American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809)

indentured servants

 agreements between two parties about long-term work

french revolution

lasted from 1789 until 1799. The Revolution precipitated a series of European wars, forcing the United States to articulate a clear policy of neutrality in order to avoid being embroiled in these European conflicts

washington’s farewell address

 Washington exhorted Americans to set aside their violent likes and dislikes of foreign nations, lest they be controlled by their passions: “The nation which indulges toward another an habitual hatred or an habitual fondness is in some degree a slave.”

proclamation line of 1763

British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide.