Building Big Molecules Flashcards

What is an example of a defining element?

What is an example of a defining element?

Carbon

Organic Chemistry

They study of carbon and other elements

Monomers

Single building unit; when they come together they build polymers

Glycogen

A polymer

Amino Acids

20 different amino acid’s; When they come together they form polymer’s (proteins)

Cell are..

Essentially protein factories

Proteins are what?

The most diverse and they are the most predominant of the macromolecules

Each of the 20 amino acids are…

Unique

Primary Structure

(1) amino acid bond with the next and it creates a polypeptide

Peptide Bonds

Amino acids that are bonded are…

What is secondary structure dictated by and held together by?

It’s dictated by a primary structure and is held together by attractions (think about how it folds)

Tertiary Structure

The 3rd structure (think of chain folding on itself)

Coronary Structure

The 4th structure (how it can fold on itself or other chains)( It can be 1 or more of them)

Hemoglobin

A protein that transfers oxygen throughout the body

What makes hemoglobin?

Red blood cells

Anemia

Not enough red blood cells; emia means blood

Sickle Cell Anemia

Inherited (Have to obtain from BOTH parents) and it’s the most common inherited disease

Catalyst/Enzymes

Proteins that speed up reactions in the cells

Nucleotides

Polymers that store info built from monomers are called ______

What do hydrogen bonds do?

Hold DNA together

What are the 4 sequences of bases?

1.)adenine

2.)cytosine

3.)guanine

4.)thymine

RNA

A single cell recipe from DNA sequence( does not have thymine, instead it’s a uracil)

A.T.P

It has 3 phosphates and provides energy

A.D.P

Organic compound in metabolism with (1) phosphate

Carbohydrates (OS or saca)

Cleanest and quickest source of fuels for the cells

What powers a cell?

ATP

Phospholipids

Form from a bi layer that make a cell membrane (selectively permeable)

Studs

Keep up with cell structure

Keytone bodies

Burn fat for energy

Ketoacidtosis

A metabolic condition that occurs when the body breaks down fat too quickly

Nutrient

Means cell can use it for building materials

Saturated fats(everywhere a hydrogen can be found)=

Good fats

Unsaturated fats=

Bad fats

What happens when ketones are produced?

If they are produced too quickly and build up in the blood it makes them toxic, as a result it causes blood to become more acidic