Week 2 Lab: Organ Systems Overview

name the basic, or building blocks, of all living things

cell

the _____ system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the boy via rapid transmission of electrical signals

nervous

ductus deferens

carries sperm from epididymis to urethra

epididymis

a long, coiled tube located on the back of each testicle that stores sperm and helps them mature

the kidneys are part of the _____ system

urinary

the thin muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the?

diaphragm

cell

building block of all living things

tissue

group of cells with common structure and function

what are the four tissue types or groups of cells?

epithelial, muscular, nervous, connective

organ

a structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body

small intestine, which digests and absorbs nutrients, contains what tissue types?

all four

organ system

a group of organs that act together to perform a particular body function or functions

how many organ systems do we have?

11

What are the main components and functions of the integumentary system?

components: skin, hair, nails; cutaneous sense organs and glands

functions:

• protects deeper organs from injury due to bumps, chemicals, bacteria and dehydration (drying out)

• excretes salts and urea

• helps regulate body temperature

• produces vitamin D

what are the main components and functions of the skeletal system?

components: bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, joints

functions:

• supports and protects internal organs

• provides lever for muscular action

• stores minerals (calcium and others)

• cavities provide a site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

what are the main components and functions of the muscular system?

components: skeletal muscles

functions:

• skeletal muscles contract or shorten; in doing so they move bones to allow motion (running walking, etc.)

• grasping and manipulating the environment and facial expression

• generates heat

what are the main components and functions of the nervous system?

components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs

functions:

• allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment, and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands

• helps maintain short-term homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

what are the main components and functions of the endocrine system?

components: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, ovaries, testes, pancreas

functions:

• promotes growth and developments; produces chemical “messengers” (hormones) that travel in blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs

• plays a role in regulating long-term homeostasis

what are the main components and functions of the cardiovascular system?

components: heart, blood vessels, blood

functions:

• primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the cells were exchanges are made; pumping action of the heart propels blood through the blood vessels

• protects body with blood clots, antibodies, and other protein molecules in the blood

What are the main components and functions of the lymphatic/immune system?

components: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

functions:

• picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood

• cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris

• houses cells (lymphocytes and others) that act in the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances (antigens)

What are the main components and functions of the respiratory system?

components: nose fairings, Lorings, trachea, bronchi, lungs

functions:

• keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide

• contributes to the acid-based balance of the blood we are it's carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system

What are the main components and functions of the digestive system?

components: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, accessory structures (teeth, salivary, glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.)

functions:

• breaks down in digested foods into tiny particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells

• undigested residue leaves the body as feces.

What are the main components and functions of the urinary system?

components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

functions:

• filters the blood, and then rid the body of nitrogen containing waists (urea uric acid and ammonia), which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids by the body cells

• maintains water, electrolyte, and bad acid based balance off blood

What are the main components and functions of the reproductive system?

components for male: testes, corrida penis, and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior

compoenents for female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, andvagina

functions:

• produces germ cells (sperm) for producing offspring

• produces germ cells (eggs) for producing offspring; the female uterus houses a developing fetus until birth

what is a germ cell?

a cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete

what is a somatic cell?

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

the most superior part of the digestive system is the?

oral cavity

hard palate

supported by bone

soft palate

immediately posterior to the hard palate with no bony support

pharynx

a passageway used by both the digestive and respiratory systems

pharynx is aka?

throat

fascia

sheets of pearly white connective tissue which protect the muscles and bond them together

to dissect means to?

separate

glandular tissue

produces substances such as enzymes and hormones

thymus

an irregular mass of glandular tissue overlying the heart

heart

medial oval structure that lies between the lungs

lungs

multi-lobed organs flanking the heart on either side

trachea

tubelike “windpipe” running medially down the throat; part of the respiratory system

bronchi

two passageways that plunge laterally into the tissue of the two lungs

esophagus

part of the digestive system that transports food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach

diaphragm

a thin muscle attached to the inferior boundary of the rib cage; separates that thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

stomach

a C-shaped organ important in food digestion and temporary food stoage

greater omentum

an apron like membrane fold that covers the abdominal organs

small intestine

a long coiled tube connected to the stomach and ending just before the saclike cecum

large intestine

a large muscular tube coiled within the abdomen

where does the large intestine begins and ends?

the large intestine begins at the sacklike cecum, frames the small intestine, and ends at the rectum

rectum

terminal part of the large intestine; continuous with the anal canal

anus

opening of the digestive tract (anal canal) to the exterior

mesentery

a delicate membrane; suspends the small intestine in the abdominal cavity

pancreas

a diffuse gland; rests posterior to and between the first portion of the small intestine and the stomach

spleen

a dark red organ curving around the left lateral side of the stomach; considered part of the lymphatic system

liver

large and brownish red; the most superior organ in the abdominal cavity, directly inferior to the diaphragm

kidneys

bean-shaped organs; secured to the posterior wall of the body trunk

adrenal glands

large glands that sit on the superior margin of each kidney; considered part of the endocrine system

ureters

tube running from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

urinary bladder

the sac in the pelvics that serves as a reservoir for urine

urethra

tube running from the urinary bladder to the outside

inferior vena cava

the large vein that returns blood to the heart from the lower regions of the body

descending aorta

deep to the inferior vena cava; the largest artery of the body; carries blood away from the heart down the midline of the body

how do you differentiate between a male and a female rat?

observe the ventral body beneath the tail. if a saclike scrotum and a single opening are visible, the animal is a male. if three openings are present, the animal is a female.

scrotum

external sac that contains the testes

testes

male reproductive organ that produces sperm and hormones

penis

external male reproductive organ

uterus

A hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of the female, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth; embryo

ovary

female reproductive organ that produces egg (ova) and hormones

vagina

an elastic, muscular canal that connects the cervix (bottom of the uterus) to the outside of the body

vaginal orifice

external vaginal opening

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month is called the?

embryo

heart, lungs, brunch, trachea, esophagus, diaphragm, thyroid are part of which body cavity?

thoracic

brain and spinal cord is part of which body cavity

dorsal

liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, kidneys, ureters, bladder, adrenal glands uterus, descending aorta inferior vena cava is part of which body cavity

Abdominalpelvic