Unit 13 Blockout + Learning Targets + Presentation

Most important aspects taken from all 3 files.

Characteristics of Kingdom Protista

Most are unicellular, some are multicellular or colonial; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic; aquatic.

Modes of motility in protists

Cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia.

How do protists acquire food?

Through photosynthesis (autotrophs), ingestion (heterotrophs), or absorption.

Function of cilia in protists

Movement and food capture.

Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi

Heterotrophic, cell walls made of chitin, decomposers, parasites, or symbionts; reproduce via spores.

Function of hyphae in fungi

To absorb nutrients and form the mycelium (network of hyphae).

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

By secreting enzymes to break down organic matter and absorbing the nutrients.

Role of fungi in an ecosystem

Decomposers, recyclers of nutrients, and symbionts (e.g., mycorrhizae with plants).

Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, diploid, sexual reproduction, collagen for support, Hox genes for development.

Three tissue layers in animal embryonic development

Endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.

Difference between protostomes and deuterostomes

Protostomes develop the mouth first; deuterostomes develop the anus first.

Difference between acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates

Acoelomates have no body cavity; pseudocoelomates have a partially lined cavity; coelomates have a true coelom (fully lined by mesoderm).

Cephalization

The development of a head region with sensory organs and a brain.

Difference between a gastrovascular cavity and a complete digestive tract

Gastrovascular cavity has one opening; complete digestive tract has two openings (mouth and anus).

Derived characters of the 9 animal phyla

Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca (snails, clams), Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans), Echinodermata (sea stars), Chordata (vertebrates and invertebrates).

Embryological development in animals

Formation of blastula, gastrula, and tissue layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm).

Hermaphrodite

An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs.

Difference between invertebrate and vertebrate chordates

Invertebrate chordates (e.g., lancelets, tunicates) lack a backbone; vertebrate chordates have a backbone.

Function of the mantle in mollusks

Secretes the shell.

Exoskeleton of arthropods

Made of chitin.

Function of the water vascular system in echinoderms

Movement, feeding, and gas exchange.

Four key characteristics of chordates

Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and postanal tail.

Difference between radial and bilateral symmetry

Radial symmetry has multiple planes of symmetry; bilateral symmetry has two equal halves.

Role of choanocytes in sponges

Filter-feeding and water circulation.