skeletal System 

  • The skeletal System consists of bones and connective tissue
  • There are 206 bones in the human body

==Skeletal System Functions==

  1. Providing support for the body
  2. Protecting internal organ, tissues, and organs from damage
  3. Acting as a framework for attached muscles
  4. Allowing for movements of limbs and digits
  5. Providing new red and white blood cells
  6. Storing fat and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

==Bone Classification==

  1. Long bone
  2. Short bone
  3. Flat bone
  4. Irregular bone
    • Your bones are made up of several layers of living tissue
    • The outer layer is hard and densely packed is called compact bone
    • Beneath that is spongy bone, a less dense bone with a network of cavities filled with red bone, where blood cells are produced

==Connective Tissue==

  1. Cartilage can act as a cushion between two bones or as a flexible structure for soft parts of the body, such as the tip of the nose.

    1. All bones begin in the embryo as cartilage. Early in development, the cartilage hardens in a process called ossification

  2. Ligaments are a band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another

    1. Attaches bones together to create structures/joints

  3. Tendons are a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.

    1. Muscles and tendons work together to move parts of the body

==Joints==

  • Joint: points where bones meet
    • Some joints are flexible and some do not move
    • The structure of a joint relates to the type of motion it can produce

  1. Ball-and-Socket Joint: A moveable joint, with one bone that is rounded at the end and fits within another bone

    1. Ex: Hip

  2. Hinge joint: a point between bones that permits motion in only one plane

    1. Ex; elbow, knee

  3. Pivot Joint: a joint between bones that promotes rotary movement only

    1. Ex; Neck

  4. Condyloid Joint: Allows rotation in two planes

    1. Ex; Wrist

==Caring for the Skeletal System==

  • Eat a healthy diet, including high calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus
  • Get regular physical activity including weight baring exercising
  • Get regular checkups
  • Wear protective gear when playing sports
    • During regular checkups, your doctor can screen you for skeletal disorders such as scoliosis (a lateral or side to side curvature of the spine)

==Skeletal Problems==

  1. Fractures: Any type of break in the bone

    1. Compound Facture: the broken end of the bone breaks through the skin
    2. Simple Fracture: The broken bon does no break through the skin

  2. Injuries to Joints

    1. Dislocation: when a bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the joint
    2. Torn Cartilage: Can result from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint
    3. Bursitis: results from the inflammation of bursa, a fluid filled sack that helps reduce frication in joints
    4. Bunion: Painful swellings of the bursae in the first joint of big toes
    5. Arthritis: the inflammation of a joint, resulting from an injury, natural wear and tear, autoimmune disease

  3. Repetitive Motion Energy

    1. Prolonged, repeated movements that can damage tissues

  4. Osteoporosis

    1. A condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue
    2. AFAB are more likely to develop osteoporosis