Texas 1900-Today (Texas History)

Manuel C. Gonzales

Mexican-American lawyer and civil rights activist in Texas.

World War II (WWII)

Fought from 1939-1945 between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied powers (France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union).

James Hogg

Governor of Texas from 1891 to 1895.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

a 2002 federal law that focused on holding schools accountable for student learning and achievement and was initially developed to assist disadvantaged students

Kay Bailey Hutchison

first female senator from Texas; served from 1993 until 2013

The September 11 Attacks (9/11)

A series of four coordinated attacks by al-Qaeda on the United States. Caused the destruction of the World Trade Towers and damage to the Pentagon.

The New Deal

A series of policies, public work projects, and financial reforms passed by Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1936 in an attempt to stimulate the economy

Henry B. Gonzalez

first Mexican-American to serve as a state representative, run for Governor of Texas, and serve in the United States House of Representatives

Great Society

A series of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ).

Clean Air Act

US federal law aimed at reducing air pollution and protecting public health and the environment by regulating emissions of pollutants from various sources, including vehicles, factories, and power plants

War On Terror

U.S. response to the attacks on 9/11. Iraq, Iran, and North Korea were labeled the “Axis of Evil.”

Stephen F. Austin

led the successful settlement of Texas in 1825

Sam Houston

A leader in the Texas Revolution (won surprise attack over Santa Anna and his troops at the Battle of San Jacinto). Elected the first president of the new republic.

Bush v Gore

The United States Supreme Court case that ended recounts and resolved the 2000 presidential election in favor of Bush.

Great Depression

an unprecedented period of worldwide economic downturn that began in Oct. 1929 with the United States stock market crash and ended due to a combination of the New Deal and World War II

George W. Bush

43rd president of the United States; a Republican, in office during the September 11th Attacks; entered the U.S. into controversial conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan

Eddie Bernice Johnson

first registered nurse to be elected to congress

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

originally passed in 1965 and amended by educational acts such as NCLB and ESSA; provides key funding for schools to raise academic achievement of students generally at-risk, such as those with disabilities, poverty, and language barriers

The Rust Belt to the Sun Belt migration

An economic and population shift from northeastern states to southern and southwestern states in the 1960s.

Rust Belt

describes Northeastern states after an economic and population shift to Southern and Southwestern states in the 1960s that caused many Northeastern factories to close

Oveta Culp Hobby

The first secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Hector Garcia

First Mexican-American to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Jane McCallum

Texas Secretary of State from 1927 to 1933.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK)

United States President from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.

First Red Scare

a period of anti-communist and anti-socialist popular sentiment in the United States starting in 1917

Invasion of Iraq

United States invasion in 2003 based upon the believe that Saddam Hussein had control of weapons of mass destruction

Gulf War

the 1990 war that resulting from Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram from Germany to Mexico proposing they work together against the United States in WWI.

The Great Influenza (Spanish Flu)

a type of bird flu that caused a global pandemic between 1918 and 1920, resulting in the deaths of roughly 45,000 U.S. soldiers by the end of World War I in 1918; total global deaths estimated around 50 million by 1920

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

a law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination

Dust Bowl

A series of extreme droughts and dust storms in the late 1930s. Drove many agricultural migrants from Oklahoma and Texas to California in search of work.

Lulu Belle Madison White

A civil rights activist in Texas and served as State Director of the NAAC.

Space Race

Competition between the Soviet Union and America to explore space.

Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)

As a Senator in Texas in the 1950s, he spearheaded the NASA Space program in Houston,Texas. He later became President of the United States after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963. Architect of the Great Society programs to combat poverty.

Barbara Jordan

first African American elected to the Texas Senate and first Southern African-American woman elected to the United States House of Representatives

James Farmer

helped organize sit-ins and freedom rides and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998

Craig Anthony Washington

served in the Texas State House of Representatives, the Texas Senate, and the United States House of Representatives; known for voting in unexpected ways