JCP Exam 1

A theory can be defined as which of the following?

A set of beliefs based on experiences

A set of hypotheses, principles, or laws that explain a phenomenon

A strategy used to solve a problem

A general way of thinking about something

A set of hypotheses, principles, or laws that explain a phenomenon

Leadership can be thought of as a/an ______ or competency that can be developed to effectively accomplish a task.

theory

approach

skill

strategy

skill

The idea that leadership should focus on the communication between leaders and followers and not on the qualities of the leader describes thinking of leadership as a ______.

behavior

relationship

influence process

collaboration

relationship

Effective leadership is intended influence that creates ______ for the greater good.

security

power

vision

change

change

Which of the following researches suggests that leaders are toxic when their leadership leaves followers worse off than they found them?

Conger

House

Lipman-Blumen

Barnard

Lipman-Blumen

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. When leadership is defined as an influence process, which of the following is TRUE?

Leadership is focused on achieving group goals.

Leadership is viewed as an interactive event between the leader and follower.

Leadership is leader centered.

Leadership should be ethical.

Leadership is focused on achieving group goals.

Leadership is viewed as an interactive event between the leader and follower.

Leadership should be ethical.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following attributes are considered positive on a global level?

Just

Informed

Communicative

Nonexplicit

Just

Informed

Communicative

Leadership and management are NOT the same.

True

The demand for effective leadership exists at the local and community levels, but does NOT exist at the national level.

False

Leadership likely includes components of many dimensions, including traits, skills, behaviors, and relationships.

True

______ is one of the six key traits identified as those of successful leaders.

Positive

Charisma

Encouraging

Tolerance

Charisma

Six Traits of a Successful Leader

Charisma

Confidence

Determination

Integrity

Intelligence

Sociability

Which U.S. president is known for his charismatic oratorial style, a trait that afforded him influence over others.

Woodrow Wilson

Herbert Hoover

John F. Kennedy

Richard Nixon

John F. Kennedy

Of the six key traits of leadership, which is the foundation of all good leaders?

Integrity

Charisma

Determination

Sociability

Integrity

If a soccer coach wants to be a successful leader, he or she should ______.

read how-to books, instructors' manuals, and coaching books

subscribe to several soccer magazines

talk to other coaches and learn everything he or she can about playing the game

all of these

all of these

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Confidence may be built from which of the following areas:

A mentor

A fake sense of self

Practice

Awareness

A mentor

Practice

Awareness

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which characteristics would be associated with a determined leader?

Taking a break

Staying focused on the task

Clarifying the goals

Articulating the vision

Staying focused on the task

Clarifying the goals

Articulating the vision

A key trait, intelligence measures how high one's IQ is before considering his or her language skills.

True

Accepting smaller committee roles is a good idea to practice and build one's confidence.

True

A sociable person has pleasant interactions with others and brings positive energy to a group.

True

A person has integrity because he or she says he or she is going to do something and doesn't.

False

A style of leadership that emphasizes leader control of subordinates, limited communication between group members and subjective praise/criticism is considered to be which of the following?

Democratic leadership style

Laissez-Faire leadership style

Authoritarian leadership style

Autocratic leadership style

Authoritarian leadership style

Theory Y most closely resembles which of the following leadership styles?

Democratic

Authoritarian

Laissez-Faire

Autocratic

Democratic

Theory X

A general theory created by Douglas McGregor in which leaders assume that people dislike work, that they need to be directed and controlled, and that they want security—not responsibility

Theory Y

A general theory created by Douglas McGregor in which leaders assume that people like work, that they are self-motivated, and that they accept and seek responsibility

A leader in a short-term role or with limited power to enact changes might use which of the following leadership styles?

Democratic

Authoritarian

Laissez-Faire

Dictatorship

Laissez-Faire

Democratic leaders exhibit a ______ amount of leader influence.

low

moderate

high

neutral

moderate

A laissez-faire leader might do which of the following?

Maintain a low leadership profile

Promote collaboration

Increase workers' motivation

Criticize workers

Maintain a low leadership profile

An authoritarian leader might do which of the following?

Give objective praise

Promote collaboration

Share goal-setting responsibilities

Exert strong influence

Exert strong influence

Theory X believes that ______.

people need to be directed and controlled

people like work

people are self-motivated

people accept and seek responsibility

people need to be directed and controlled

Theory Y leaders use external reinforcement strategies to motivate their followers.

True

False

False

The style of leadership used by a leader is dependent on the situation or task to be completed.

True

Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-Faire leadership styles might sometimes overlap.

True

Task leadership would be especially effective when ______.

a team has conflict

there is a new cohort of faculty at a university

the culture of the organization breeds mistrust

there is poor communication in the workplace

there is a new cohort of faculty at a university

Administrative Skills

Competencies a leader needs to run an organization in order to carry out the organization's purposes and goals

Consideration Behavior

A relationship leadership behavior in which the leader creates camaraderie, respect, trust, and regard with followers

Employee Orientation

A relationship leadership behavior in which the leader takes an interest in workers as human beings, values their uniqueness, and gives special attention to their personal needs

Initiating Structure

Task leadership in which the leader organizes work, defines role responsibilities, and schedules work activities

Employee orientation does NOT involve ______.

taking an interest in workers as human beings

valuing the uniqueness of employees

valuing employees as good followers

giving special attention to their personal needs

valuing employees as good followers

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Task-oriented leadership style involves ______.

connections

procedures

activities

goals

procedures

activities

goals

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Relationship-oriented leadership is focused primarily on ______.

the well-being of followers

followers relating to others

a project's agenda

the workplace environment

the well-being of followers

followers relating to others

the workplace environment

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Researchers found that earlier leadership measures can involve change behaviors, such as ______.

visioning

external monitoring

vocal exercises

intellectual stimulation

visioning

external monitoring

intellectual stimulation

A boss walks into a group member's office to request an immediate revision of a report the group member submitted the day before. The boss exhibits task-oriented leadership.

True

One way to think about task leadership is that it initiates structure.

True

Those who tend to focus on relationships in their personal styles will likely be relationship-oriented in their leadership.

True

A team leader sees that a colleague is struggling to finish a project because he has his son's upcoming biopsy on his mind. She sits down to ask him how he is feeling about the procedure. This is an example of consideration behavior.

True

When a team feels uncertain about a process, such as changing a patient's bandages, it is important for the nurse leader to be task-oriented.

True

Leadership skills can be combined into three groups: ______.

administrative, interpersonal, and conceptual

administrative, intrapersonal, and conceptual

authoritative, interpersonal, and conceptual

administrative, interpersonal, and democratic

administrative, interpersonal, and conceptual

The competencies a leader needs to effectively manage an organization and carry out organizational goals are called ______ skills.

conceptual

technical

administrative

interpersonal

administrative

Technical competence is sometimes called which of the following?

management competence

functional competence

software competence

resource competence

functional competence

What is the first step in the development of emotional intelligence?

Regulate one's own emotions

Become aware of one's own emotions

Understand the emotions of others

Show empathy to others

Become aware of one's own emotions

Conflict can be defined as a struggle between two or more people over perceived differences regarding what types of issues?

Substantive or relational

Substantive or emotional

Control or power

Personal or individual

Substantive or relational

Leadership abilities related to thinking and cognition are which type of skills?

Administrative

Technical

Conceptual

Interpersonal

Conceptual

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are examples of interpersonal leadership skills?

Knowing what motivates your followers

Awareness of the emotions of others

Creating an organizational vision

Showing empathy to others

Knowing what motivates your followers

Awareness of the emotions of others

Showing empathy to others

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following is TRUE about managing conflict?

Can result in stress reduction

Is inevitable

Is always negative

Can result in creative problem solving

Can result in stress reduction

Is inevitable

Can result in creative problem solving

Interpersonal skills can be referred to as "people skills."

True

Socially perceptive leaders have a good understanding of how followers might react to organizational change.

True

A(n) ______ is an attribute of an individual that accounts for successful performance.

weakness

goal

strength

objective

strength

A strength is a(n) ______.

skill

applied trait

goal

learned competency

applied trait

Six universal core virtues—courage, justice, humanity, temperance, transcendence, and wisdom—represent the basic structure around which researchers used to develop ______.

the Strengths-Based Perspective

Gallup's StrengthsFinder

the Values in Action Classification of Character Strengths

the Centre of Applied Positive Psychology

the Values in Action Classification of Character Strengths

Understanding one's ______ may help one recognize what can be improved.

importance

patience

weaknesses

technical expertise

weaknesses

Talents and strengths are basically the same.

True

False

False

Researchers have tied strengths to consistent performance and exceptional work.

True

False

True

Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living

True

Researchers at the Centre of Applied Positive Psychology (CAPP) argued that strengths are more fluid that personality traits and can emerge over a lifetime through our experiences.

True

Just as leaders need to contemplate their own strengths for maximum potential, leaders need to understand the strengths of their followers.

True

There is a direct relationship between leaders fostering positive meaning in their organizations and higher levels of engagement and productivity in employees.

True