Disorders and Treatment

Cognitive therapy

Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting

Psychodynamic therapy

A system of psychotherapy based on an individual's unconscious motivation and past experience.

Humanistic therapy

Treatment focused on increasing awareness of one's self concept. Often involved self-help strategies and support groups.

Behavioral therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Systematic desensitization

Associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli

Client-centered therapy

A humanistic psychotherapy based on a nondirective, genuine, and accepting environment.

Electroconvulsive therapy

a treatment in which low level electric current is passed through the brain

Free association

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

Specific phobia

A persistent, strong, and unreasonable fear of a certain object or situation

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Characterized by excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer.

Reflective (active) listening

Carefully listening to a message and immediately repeating it back to the speaker.

Aversive conditioning/therapy

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

Mania

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Bipolar disorder

Severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes

Psychological disorder

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns

Empathy

Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives

Compulsion

compelling; strong desire that is difficult to control; irresistible impulse

Affective disorder

Emotional disorders that are characterized by changes in mood.

Conversion disorder

Transferring a mental conflict into a neurological symptom for which there is no organic cause such as blindness or paralysis

Panic disorder

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror

Dissociative Identity disorder

A disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Dissociative Fugue

A form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home and sometimes assumes a new identity.

Anxiety disorder

A disorder in which real or imagined threats prevent a person from enjoying life

Somatoform disorder

Physical symptoms for which there is no apparent physical cause

Personality disorder

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Hypochondriasis

A somatoform disorder involving excessive concern about health and disease.

Posttraumatic stress disorder

involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

Lithium carbonate

A chemical used to counteract mood swings of bipolar disorder

Delusional thinking

False and fixed beliefs that are not corrected by reasoning. A delusion is a belief.

Panic attack

A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity

Schizophrenic disorder

Characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Light exposure therapy

therapy that involves a timed daily dose of intense light; used for SAD

Seasonal affective disorder

A mood disorder caused by the body's reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy and remorse

Placebo effect

Improvement due to the expectation of improving because of receiving treatment.

Rational emotive therapy

Emphasizes identifying and changing irrational beliefs that underlie anxiety

Social-learning therapy

A form of treatment in which clients observe models' desirable behaviors being reinforced.

Avoidant personality disorder

Personality disorder in which the person's fears of rejection by others lead to social isolation.

Dependent personality disorder

is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of.

Narcissistic personality disorder

exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption

DSM V

diagnostic manual for psychological disorders that contains symptoms for each disorder

Unconditional positive regard

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions

Major Depressive disorder

Severe depression, comes on suddenly has no external cause or is too severe

Hallucination

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Exposure therapy

Therapy that confronts clients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear

Token economy

Type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

repeated pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate or depress brain activity

cognitive behavioral therapy

a popular integrative therapy that changes self-defeating thinking and behavior

dissociative amnesia

loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete

diathesis-stress model

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event

flooding therapy

Exposure to fear but start with most frightening fear first

Carl Rogers

Developed "client-centered" therapy