TOPIC 3: WHAT A BLAST!

Atoms

The building blocks of matter, composed of subatomic particles.

Subatomic particles

Smaller particles that make up atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutrons

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic weight

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Reactants

The substances that react together in a chemical reaction.

Products

The new substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Compounds

Substances formed by chemically bonding two or more types of elements.

Ionic compounds

Compounds formed between metals and nonmetals through the transfer of electrons.

Ions

Charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.

Covalent compounds

Compounds formed when non-metal atoms share electrons.

Acids

Corrosive substances that react with other substances, often producing hydrogen gas.

Bases

Substances that have a bitter taste and feel slippery, often used in cleaning products.

Salts

Products of neutralization reactions involving bonded positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid formed during a chemical reaction.

Neutralization

A reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of a salt and water.

Combustion

A reaction between a fuel and oxygen, producing energy in the form of heat, light, or sound.

Exothermic reactions

Reactions that release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound.

Endothermic reactions

Reactions that absorb energy from their environment.

Rate of reaction

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds.

Catalysts

Substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Equation for neutralisation

acid + base —> salt + water

Equation for acids and metals

acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen

Equation for acids and carbonates

acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Equation for combustion

fuel + oxygen —> energy + waste

Equation for corrosion in iron

iron + oxygen + water —> hydrated iron (III) oxide

Equation for cellular respiration

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Equation for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen