Biology Notes!

Biology notes

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Plants need transport systems because they are multicellular, meaning they have a higher resource requirement

The plant transport system has similar functions to the humans circulatory system

Plants transport carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, glucose, and mineral ions around the plant

Plants have two different types of transport tissue (xylem, which transports water and solutes from roots to leaves, and the phloem, which transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Xylem vessels are involved in the movement of water and minerals through a plant from its roots to its leaves

Water is absorbed from the soil through the root hair cell

Water is transported through the xylem vessels up the stem to the leaves

Water evaporates from the leaves (transpiration)

Xylem vessels are made of dead cells with no cytoplasm

Xylem vessels have thick cell walls made of lignin

Xylem vessels only flow upwards

Phloem vessels are involved in translocation

Translocation is the movement of food substances from the stems to growing tissues and storage tissues

Phloem tubes are made from living cells, they have a permeable cell wall made of cellulose with perforated ends (sieve plates) and they transport food substances in both directions.

Flower - contains both male and female reproductive organs of the plant

Fruit - after fertilization. The fruit contains the seeds needed for a new plant to grow

Leaf - stomates in the leaves allow for gas exchange by opening and closing to let gases in and out.. Chloroplasts in the leaf cells perform photosynthesis. Leaves have a large surface area to absorb more sunlight, and are thin so gases can reach cells easily.

Stem - stem provides structure and support for the plant. It contains the transport systems of the plant

Roots - Root absorb water and nutrients from the soil

Photosynthesis is a process where plants use sunlight to make their own food, converting carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the leaf cells.