Health policy final test

What is health?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Health policy connects to health status by…

Shaping health care systems, which influence individual and population health status.

Health policies impact determinants such as…

Access to care, quality, environment, and socioeconomic factors.

Policy competence refers to…

The ability of health professionals to understand and influence policy.

What does policy initiation involve?

Introducing new policies.

What does policy modification entail?

Changing existing policies to adapt to evolving needs.

What are the five steps to influence health policy?

1. Understand the issue, 2. Engage stakeholders, 3. Develop policy solutions, 4. Advocate effectively, 5. Evaluate impact.

Ethical principles guiding policy advocacy include…

Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.

How does federalism affect U.S. health policymaking?

Divides responsibilities between federal and state governments, leading to policy variation.

The 10th Amendment influences health policy by…

Reserving powers to states, giving them authority over public health policy.

The policy process consists of…

Agenda setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation.

Types of health policy include…

Regulatory (controls behavior) and Allocative (distributes resources).

Public policy encompasses…

All government actions, while health policy focuses specifically on health-related decisions.

The most active area of federal healthcare legislation includes…

Medicare, Medicaid, the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Healthcare interest groups influence legislation by…

Lobbying, campaigns, and public pressure.

Health sector interest groups are distinct due to…

Their high organization and influence stemming from financial resources.

The Iron Triangle in health policy refers to…

The policy-making relationship among Congress, bureaucracies, and interest groups.

The pluralism school of thought views interest groups as…

Essential to democracy and policy-making.

Suppliers of health policies include…

Legislators, executive agencies, courts, and private organizations.

Interest groups influence agenda setting through…

Lobbying, media campaigns, political donations.

Dual Federalism is characterized by…

Clear-cut roles for federal and state governments.

Cooperative Federalism involves…

Shared responsibilities and collaboration between federal and state governments.

With reference to the ACA, federalism is seen as…

Joint federal-state Medicaid expansions and state-developed exchanges.

Punctuated Equilibrium Theory states that…

Policies change incrementally but can shift dramatically due to major events.

The core policy model phases include…

Agenda setting → Formulation → Adoption → Implementation → Evaluation → Termination or Continuation.

The Rational Actor Model assumes that…

Policy makers are rational and choose the most efficient option.

Kingdon's factors in agenda-setting are…

Problem stream, policy stream, political stream.

Executive Order 13877 aims to…

Promote transparency in hospital prices and empower patients through access to healthcare information.

Advocacy groups influence political participation through…

Education, lobbying, and legal action.

The role of CMS is to…

Administer Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP and set regulations for healthcare providers.

Medicaid differs from CHIP as it…

Covers low-income individuals, while CHIP is for children in families earning too much for Medicaid.

Why is studying health policy important?

To understand its impact on healthcare delivery, outcomes, costs, and empower advocacy for change.