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Generalist
a spices that can eat almost anthing and live almost anywhere, like a cockroach
Specialist
A speicies that only eats a specigic item or live in only one place/habitat, like a koala
K-selected species
Large, few offspring, stable environments in certain palces, specialized diets, spend a lot a lot of time and energy caring for their offspring, long life span, reproduce more than once in a lifetime
r-selected species
small, many offspring, don't care for offspring, mature early, short life spans, live anywhere, eat anything, not as impacted by invasive species or environmental changes
Biotic potentail
Maximum reproductive rate of a population if conditions were ideal. In other words, if there was plenty of room, plenty of food, no predators, and so on, then how many of a particular species could live in an area.
Type I survivorship curve
Long life, not many die young. Ex: humans
Type II survivorship curve
Die at all stages of life. Ex: birds
Type III survivorship curve
Almost all die young only few live to adults. Ex: fish
carrying capacity
Largest number of organisms an ecosystem can support overtime
population overshoot
when a population exceeds its carrying capacity and there is dieback
age-structure diagrams
pyramid shaped graphs showing # of female and males in each age group
total fertility rate
the total number of number children born, or likely to be born , to a woman in her lifetime if she were subject to the prevailing rate of age-specific fertility in the population
infant mortality rate
density dependent factors
Things that become worse as the density of the population is larger. Infectious disease is an example of this since the more humans there are, the faster the disease can spread
Density independent factors
things such as severe storms, droughts, heat waves, fires influence populations regardless of density, EX: tornado don't hit a city more than a rural area where ppl don't live doesn't matter to the tornado
Rule of 70
Doubling time (in years) = 70/(percentage growth rate).
Demographic transition
another way to look at populations, similar to age-structure diagrams, broken up into four stages: pre industrial, transitional, industrial, postindustrial demonstrates how countries change as they develops
Note
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