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Installation
It refers to the administration of liquid- or paste-type medications usually in drops, ointments, or sprays depending on the site of administration.
Ophthalmic medications
These medications are usually in drops/ointment form to soothe irritation, dilate or constrict pupils, and provide lubrication for dry eye syndrome.
To clean exudates
What is the importance of normal saline solution in administering eye medications?
Inner to outer canthus
What wiping motion should be used when administering eye ointments and clearing the eyes from exudates?
Lower conjunctival sac
Modified True or False: It is important that eye drops are placed directly onto the eye for proper absorption.
(If the answer is FALSE, place the correct answer.)
Lacrimal duct, 1-2 minutes
Where should you put pressure upon administering eye drops? How many minutes?
1-5 minutes
What is the advised waiting time when more than one eye drop is ordered for the same eye?
C
Upon administering eye ointments to a patient, they complained of not seeing clearly. What is the appropriate response of the nurse?
A. Report it immediately to the doctor.
B. Irrigate the eye to wash off the ointment and apply eye drops instead.
C. Tell the patient that it is a normal effect and will go away in a few minutes.
Otic medications
It refers to solutions containing medications for the treatment of localized infection/inflammation of the ears.
Medication should reach the tympanic membrane
Why are otic medications only available in drops?
Downward and back
For children below 3 years old, the earlobe should be pulled in what direction?
Upward and back
For children above 3 years old, the earlobe should be pulled in what direction?
Nasal medications
These medications are used to treat temporary disorders affecting the nasal mucous membrane. (E.g. inflammation, congestion)
True
Modified True or False: The head should be hyperextended so the nose is pointed upward and prevents flow discontinuity.
(If the answer is FALSE, place the correct answer.)
Football hold
For newborns, infants, and young children, nurses can make use of the __ for immobilization and to prevent aspiration when giving nasal medications.
True
Modified True or False: When applied as a spray, the small droplets of solution containing nasal medication coat the membrane and are rapidly absorbed.
(If the answer is FALSE, place the correct answer.)
Inhalation
It refers to the administration of medications by means of sprays (nebulae) or aerosols and is commonly prescribed for those with asthma.
To allow maximum lung expansion
In administering medications via inhalation, why should the patient sit up or be in a semi-fowler’s position?
To facilitate the exit of carbon dioxide
In administering medications via inhalation, why is the patient advised to exhale slowly through pursed lips?
A
A student nurse was assigned to administer medications via a nebulizer and was asked if the mouthpiece should completely seal the mouth. What is the appropriate response?
A. I should not completely seal the mouth for proper ventilation.
B. I should completely seal the mouth to ensure that the medication reaches the patient’s respiratory tract.
Insertion
It refers to the administration of medication through manual placement inside the external orifices of the body, such as the vagina, rectum, and urethra.
Clitoris, Urethra, Vagina, Anus
Before administering vaginal medications, a nurse must take note of the acronym CUVA. What does this stand for?
Lithotomy position
In administering vaginal medications, the patient must be placed in a __ and elevate the hips with the pillow.
Supine, 5-10
After administering vaginal medications, patients should remain in __ position with hips elevated __ minutes to allow melting and spreading of the medication.
Suppositories
These are the most used for rectal medication.
Side-lying or dorsal recumbent
When administering rectal medications, the patient must assume what position/s?
To relax the sphincter muscle
What is the rationale behind asking the patient to breathe in and out through the mouth when inserting rectal suppositories?
A
Upon administering the rectal suppository, the patient asked if he/she could stand up to get water. What is the appropriate response of the nurse?
A. I’ll get some for you instead since we have to wait at least 20 minutes for the medication to be absorbed.
B. You can stand up but make sure not to take too long as the medication can leak.
C. Rectal suppositories have a zero possibility of sliding out upon insertion, so you can immediately stand up to get water.
Irrigation
This administration technique is used for washing a cavity in order to clean and instill medications.
C
Select all that apply. Which of the following should be verified before irrigating a certain area of the body?
Type of irrigation ordered
Temperature of solution
Amount and concentration of solution
Type of solution ordered
a. 1, 3, 4
b. 1 only
C. 1, 2, 3, 4
B
A student nurse was assigned to irrigate the eye of her patient. She needs further teaching if she states which of the following?
A. I will fill the syringe with only 30-60 mL of fluid.
B. I will make sure to keep the tip away from the eye to lessen the risk of touching the conjunctival sac.
C. I will make sure to hold the patient’s eye open with my thumb and forefinger.
