Criminal Justice Exam 4

Retribution

wrongdoer has freely chosen to violate society’s rules so they must be punished

deterrence

penalties don’t just punish the wrongdoer, but they also discourage other people from committing similar offenses

General deterrence

if you punish one person for a crime, then others will be discouraged to do that same crime

specific deterrencce

an individual, after being punished once, will not want to repeat the crime because they don’t want to be punished again

incapacitation

offenders should be prevented from committing further crimes either by (permanent or temporary) removal from society

selective incapacitation

longer sentences are given to individuals based on their propensity to reoffend (three strikes)

rehabilitation

crime is viewed as a “social phenomenon” and criminals as being able to be treated and possibly cured of their tendency to commit crimes

what are the two presuppositions that need to be true for there to be rehabilitation

we know what causes crime, and we can treat or cure what causes that crime

what is restorative justice

attempts to repair the damage a crime did to the victim

sentencing hearing

court proceeding where a judge gives the person who plead or was found guilty their punishment

who can give the death sentence

the jury

determinate sentencing

the offender serves the exact amount of time sentenced

indeterminate sentencing

penal codes set a minimum and maximum amount of time that a person must spend in prison, gives more of a chance for parole

mitigating circumstances

circumstances in a crime that cause the sentence to be lighter, like being coerced into it

aggravating circumstance

circumstances accompanying a crime that lead to a harsher sentence, like having a prior record

what factors are considered when sentencing

the seriousness of the crime, mitigating and aggravating circumstances, and judicial philosophy

reintegration

corrections is to prepare the offender to return to society after their sentence

diversion

divert offenders away from prison and put them in community based punishment

suspended sentence

the defendant is found guilty, but not required to go to prison for their crime. they instead go on probation, which is where they remain in the community

split sentence

a person spends incarceration in prison or jail, then has a probationary period in the community

what are the conditions set for the person on probation

standard (not committing another crime) punitive (reflect seriousnes of the offense), and treatment (helps the offender with issues that contribute to criminal activity)

revocation

the formal process where a probationer or parolee failed to comply to their conditions, to they are incarcerated

intermittent incarceration

offender spends a certain amount of time a week in jail and the other time in the community

parole board

people chosen by the gov that choose if a prisoner is able to be on parole

maximum security prison

correctional institution designed and organized to control dangerous felons, very high security

supermax prisons

highly secure prisons reserved for the “worst of the worst” and they would be a threat to other inmates and staff

medium security prisons

prisons with less security because inmates are less dangerous, and is typically the kind to have rehabilitation programs

minimum security prisons

designed for low security risk inmates, like non violent and first time offenders (more freedom)

argot

jargon or slang of a group in the prison that they only know the meaning of

what is doing time

prisoners that just follow the rules and do what is necessary to speed up the process of being in prison

what is jailing

prisoners that establish themselves in the power structure in prison culture

what is gleaning

prisoners that work to improve themselves to prepare to return to society

what are disorganized criminals

criminals that have mental impairments that prevent them from adapting to prison culture on any level

furlough

temporary release from a prison for vocational or educational training to ease the shock of release