vertebrates pt 2 (chondrichthyes -> osteichthyes) ->

what animals are found in class chondrichthyes? what subphylum are they in? what phylum are they in?

sharks, rays, skates, rat fish

subphylum vertebrata

phylum chordata

what is a unique feature of class chondriychthyes? what subphylum are they in? what phylum are they in?

their skeleton is made of cartilage, not bone

subphylum vertebrata

phylum chordata

where are the only places bones are found in class chondrichthyes?

teeth and skin

what are some unique characteristics about sharks in class chondrichthyes?

sharks move quickly because they have a streamline body, but they can’t maneuver well

they have oil in their liver for buoyancy

some of them are suspension feeders

why are sharks good predators?

nostrils for smell

sharp vision despite not being able to see color

several rows of teeth

lateral lines on skin to sense vibrations/pressure in water

even though they have no eardrums, they pick up sound vibrations which are transmitted to hearing organs in the inner ear

is reproduction external or internal for sharks?

internal

oviparous

sharks that lay eggs outside the mother’s body in class chondrichthyes

ovoviviparous

eggs retained inside the mother in sharks

viviparous

young developing in the uterus of the shark receiving nutrients across the placenta

what animals belong to class osteichthyes? what subphylum do they belong to? what phylum do they belong to?

bony fish

subphylum vertebrata

phylum chordata

which class is the most abundant of the vertebrates?

class osteichthyes

how do class osteichthyes control their buoyancy in water?

they have a swim bladder which they can fill with air to float up or empty to sink down

what are the 2 groups of bony fish?

1) ray-finned

2) lobe-finned

what are animals found in the group of ray-finned fish?

moray eel, sea horse, tuna, clownfish

→ pretty much any fish you know

what is the distinguishing quality of ray-finned fish?

their fins are supported by long, flexible rays

→ if you look closely at their dorsal and caudal fins, notice their fins look webbed with toothpicks/veins running through them

what is the distinguishing quality of lobe-finned fish?

they have rod-shaped bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle in their pectoral and pelvic fins

what two groups of lobe-finned fish are alive today?

A) coelacanths

B) lungfishes