Reproduction in Humans

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to human reproduction and associated topics.

Testes

Male reproductive glands that produce sperm cells and male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone).

Scrotum

Protects the testes and is outside the main body cavity.

The lower temperature is essential for the proper

development of sperm cells.

Sperm Duct

Tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

Prostate Gland

Gland that secretes fluid which combines with sperm to form semen.. The fluid contains nutrients and enzymes

which enable the sperm cells to release energy to propel

themselves forwar

Urethra

Duct that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body; both semen and urine pass through it.

Penis

Erectile organ that deposits semen into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Ovary

Female reproductive organ that produces egg cells (ova) and female sex hormones (e.g., oestrogen, progesterone).

Oviduct

Muscular tube lined with cilia that transports the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. Peristaltic

movements help to move the ovum towards the uterus.

Uterus

Site of development of the foetus. Elastic muscular

walls. Inner lining is known as the uterine lining, where

the embryo is implanted

Cervix

Ring of muscle at the lower portion of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina.

Vagina

Also known as the birth canal; connects the cervix to the outside of the body.

Menstrual Cycle

A monthly cycle in females involving menstruation and ovulation, typically lasting about 28 days.

Oestrogen

A female sex hormone produced by the ovaries that helps regulate the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterine lining. Repair and thicken 

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries that maintains the uterine lining or further thickens.

Fertilisation

The fusion of the nuclei of haploid male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote.

Embryo

The early stage of development following fertilisation, formed from a ball of cells.

Placenta

An organ that facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste between the maternal and fetal blood.

Umbilical Cord

Tube connecting the fetus to the placenta, containing blood vessels that transport nutrients and waste.

Amniotic Sac

Membrane surrounding the fetus, filled with amniotic fluid that cushions and protects the developing fetus.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS.

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a condition caused by HIV characterized by the inability to fight infections.