Ghetto Anatomy Endocrine System Test

4 Functions

Produce and secrete hormones, regulate growth/metabolism/sexual development, respond to stress and injury, and homeostasis

Exocrine Glands

Secrete outside the body through ducts and tubes (sweat)

Steroids

Insoluble in water, carried in the blood and released near the vicinity of the target cell

Prostoglanids

act locally, affecting only the organ where they are produces

Prolactin (PPL)

Stimulates milk production

Growth Hormone (GH)

Stimulates growth during childhood and fat distribution

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Stimulates cortisol “stress hormone”

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Stimulates thyroid to make thyroid hormones “metabolism”

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Regulates testosterone in men and estrogen in women (gonadotropin)

Follicle-stimulated hormone (FSH)

Promotes sperm production and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs

Oxytocin

Causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth

Part of the Brian which is the control center for all regulatory activities of the body

Hypothalamus

Condition in which levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very low

Hypothyroidism

Hormone that regulates when you sleep at night and when you wake in the morning

Melatonin

Master gland makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands

Pituitary

Hormone that reproductive glands produce for females

Estrogen

TWo hormones produced by the pancreas

Glucagon & Insulin

Gland that produces hormones that control the rate at which cells produce energy

Thyroid

4 tiny glands that function together that release hormones that regulate calcium levels

Parathyroid

General name given to water soluble hormones

Steroids

The inner part of the adrenal gland

Medulla

Hormone that reproduce glands produce for males

Testosterone

Gland that produces melatonin

Pineal body

Causes milk production in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth

Oxytocin

Increased blood pressure and heart rate when the body experience stress

Adrenaline

Helps regulate calcium in the bones

Calcitonin

Adrenal glands are located above this major organ

Kidney

Disease caused by a failure of the body to produce insulin

Diabetes

Produced in the adrenal cortex, keeps blood glucose levels stable

Cortisol

Contains cells called the Islets of Langerhans

Pancreas

Collection of glands that secrete chemicals that maintain homeostasis

Endocrine System

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Regulates water balance

Thyroid hormones : Thyroxin (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)

Increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine \[ Adrenal Glands - Adrenal Medulla \]

Increased heart rate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure

Aldosterone

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium

Cortisol

Keeps blood glucose levels stable

Adrenal Sex Hormones

Androgens & Estrogens

Pancreas

Helps the body maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels

Glucagon

Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar concentration

Insulin

Decreased blood sugar concentrations, affects the uptake of glucose by cells

Thymus Gland

Secretes thymosins, important to immune function