gf's classics exam

Gold Fibula with Lions from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb

An exquisite 7th-century BCE Etruscan gold jewelry piece from the Regolini-Galassi Tomb in Cerveteri, Italy. Featuring two confronting lions that symbolize strength, this fibula exemplifies advanced Etruscan metalworking and served as a functional garment clasp and a symbol of status and wealth.

Tomb of the Shields and Chairs

• etruscan burial sight in cerveteri

• unique architectural features

• distinct representation of shields and chairs

  • symbolize status, importance of deceased in etruscan society

Tomb of the Bulls: Achilles and Troilos Painting

• significance of heroic narratives in etruscan culture

• 540-530 BCE

• part of a continuous narrative in the tomb

• located in tarquinia

• depicts achilles attacking young trojan prince troilus

Portonaccio Temple (architecture and Apulu)

• likely made of wood

• blend of etruscan and greek architectural styles

• statue of apulu (apollo) signifies transition of etruscan art towards classical greek influences

Wounded Chimaera

• 4th century BCE

• advanced metalworking techniques

  • bronze

• arrezzo, italy

• sculpture in the round

Statue of Aule Metele

• cast bronze

• etruscan, but made in the roman style

• statue takes an oratorial position

  • contrapposto

• etruscan inscription

• late second - early first century bce

Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus

• monumental

• tripartite interior; jupiter, juno, minerva

• earliest temple contained terracotta elements

• completed around 509 BCE

  • year when romans overthrew the monarchy

• destroyed and rebuilt several times

Temple of Portunus

• late 2nd century BCE

• near forum boarium

• ‘in antis’ design

  • columns placed between two projecting walls

  • reflect traditional etruscan practices

• facade adorned with marble

  • more defined roman style

Temple of Vesta at Tivoli

• late first century BCE

• circular temple dedicated to vesta

• peristyle of corinthian columns supporting coffered dome

• housed sacred flame of vesta

• located within a sacred grove

Sanctuary of Fortuna at Praeneste.

• 2nd century bce

• honor isis and fortuna

• on a mountainside; built w/ roman cement

• hellenistic and egyptian influences

Stabian Baths (know names, functions/features of the rooms; you do not need to know their Latin names).

• entrance - changing room

• warm baths

  • heating under floors

• hot baths

  • steam and heat fill the chamber

  • heated by a hypocaust system

• cold baths

  • help to close pores after heat exposure

• exercise areas

  • self explanatory

Second Style Paintings from the Cubiculum of the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale

• 50 - 40 BCE

  • second style: extend the architectural space of the room

  • vibrant colors enhance lifelike quality

• use of perspective and shading

• status, culture, wealth

Aemilius Paullus Monument

• macedonian war general

• forum of delphi, greece

• columns and inscriptions detailing paullus’s military accomplishments, virtues

• roman dominance, acknowledges greek artistic tradition

• location signifies merging of greek and roman identities

• honor, memory

So-Called Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus

• elaborate relief sculptures from roman military + religious life

• power and influence of ahenobarbus family

• early roman decorative art

Head of a Republican Priest, General from Tivoli

• late republican period

• veristic style

  • making guys into my type (way older than they actually are)

  • age, wisdom

• intersection of civic duty and religious responsibility

Augustus as Imperator from Primaporta

• early first century ce

• idealized features

  • break from veristic style

  • greek art influence + roman realism

• symbolic imagery

  • cupid figure riding a dolphin = augustus’ divine heritage

• propaganda piece

 Latium and Etruria (locations; where was Rome?)

latium

• central part of italy where rome was founded

etruria

• north of latium

• modern tuscany, parts of umbria, lazio

natural resources of Italy and their locations.

marble, mercury, potash

• tuscany

natural gas

• po valley, adriatic sea

crude oil

• sicily, abruzzo

iron ore

• elba, cogne (aosta valley)

Magna Graecia (where and what)

• “great greece”

• coastal areas of southern italy colonized by greek settlers

Greek temples

• doric, ionic, or corinthian orders

• peristyle and a cella elevated on a stylobate, featuring steps leading up to them

• primarily made from marble or limestone

Proportions (for greek temple)

1:2.25

source of Etruscan wealth

trade

• metalwork, pottery, wine

• greeks & phoenicians

agriculture

• grains, olives, grapes

Greek symposium and how it contrasted with Etruscan practice

• massive frat parties but ancient and they talk about philosophy

• greeks don’t allow women, etruscans do