Bio 102 final flashcards

bacillus

rod shaped bacteria cell

prokaryote

type of cell with no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

coccus

spherical bacteria cell

spirilla

spiral shaped bacteria cell

bacteriophages

viruses that attack bacteria

archaea

prokaryotes that usually live in extreme environments

peptidoglycan

substance found in bacterial cell walls

nucleoid region

area where most bacterial DNA is concentrated

colony

visible mass of bacterial cell clones

binary fission

type of asexual reproduction seen in bacteria

Endospores

tough, dormant structures formed by some bacteria when under stress

Transformation

occurs when bacteria take up pieces of DNA from the surrounding environment

anaerobes

bacteria that can’t grow in the presence of oxygen

chemoheterotrophs

get their energy and carbon from organic compounds

Gram positive

thick cell wall and appear purple

Gram negative

thin cell wall and look pink

bioremediation

involves using microorganisms such as bacteria to remove/neutralize pollutants in the environment

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into a form plants can use

genetic engineering

using bacterial transformation in the production of pharmaceuticals

biotechnology

bacteria used in processes such as brewing, baking, and food manufacturing

decomposers

bacteria are these, play a vital role in the ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients

lysogenic cycle

dormant cycle, viral DNA is copied as the host cell reproduces

lytic cycle

new viruses are assembled and released from host cell as it ruptures

virus

short piece of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat

What do e coli produce in the human intestine?

vitamins

Capsid

protein coat of a virus

retrovirus

RNA instead of DNA

Scientist who developed the first vaccine

Jenner

What is NOT true of prokaryotic cells?

they have circular pieces of DNA

What about prokaryotic DNA is NOT true?

That DNA is enclosed in a nucleus