Ecosystem Ecology & Energetic Transfer Pt. I

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16 Terms

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Ecosystem Ecology

Study of processes that govern flow of energy/nutrients in ecological systems.  

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2 Fundamental principles (ecosystem ecology)

1) Interactions between organisms and their environment are fueled by complex transformations of energy.

2) The ecological processes that are crucial to an organism's growth, survival and fitness have energetic costs.

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Ecosystems

Biological community of interacting organisms and their environment, encompassing both biotic/abiotic factors 

*Vary size, diversity, complexity, unusual location

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Core functions of ecosystems

  • Energy Flow 

  • Nutrients cycling 

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Fundamental Point In ecosystems

Earth, ecosystems and organism are open systems with respect to energy (absorb energy and release heat)

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Open System

Can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings 

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Closed system 

Can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings. 

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Key ecological processes (from sun) 

  • Energy for photosynthesis (autotrophs)

  • Heat/Energy (evaporation of water, circulation of atmosphere/ocean)

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Quantity of solar Energy

Accessible to organisms and ecosystems fluctuates based on location, seasons, etc. factors. 

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1st Law of Thermodynamics

“Energy can be transferred among its various states, but it is NEVER created or destroyed”

  • Input energy = (stored energy + output energy) 

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Planetary Energy Budget

  • Atmosphere absorbs 

  • Reflectivity 

  • Earths surface absorption 

  • Evaporation of water

  • Melting of energy 

  • Biological fixation 

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Infrared radiation

All organisms radiate back energy.

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Green House effect Influences

Earths energy budget affects [] of greenhouse gas effect in atmosphere

  • CO2 (GWP=1)

  • CH4 (GWP=28-36)

  • N20 (GWP=298)

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Earths Average temp

+15C

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Methane Release

  • Coal mining

  • Extracting, processing, transport of oil.

  • Digestive gas from livestock

  • Rice paddies

  • Landfills

  • Wetlands

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Nitrous Oxide Release 

  • Nitrogenous fertilizers 

  • Manure management 

  • Chemical production 

  • Deforestation and land use changes 

  • Vehicle emissions 

  • Wastewater treatment