Factors, Multiples, Prime Numbers, and Exponent Rules: Math Fundamentals

Factor

A number that divides exactly into another number with no remainder.

Multiple

The result of multiplying a number by whole numbers.

Factors of 36

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

First 8 multiples of 9

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72

HCF

Highest Common Factor — the largest factor two numbers share.

LCM

Lowest Common Multiple — the smallest multiple two numbers share.

HCF of 20 and 50

10

LCM of 4 and 10

20

Prime number

A number with only two factors: 1 and itself.

Prime factorisation of 60

2 × 2 × 3 × 5

Prime factorisation of 84

2 × 2 × 3 × 7

Base in 5^3

5

Exponent (index) in 5^3

3

Power in 5^3

125

Rule for multiplying powers with the same base

Add the exponents: a^m × a^n = a^(m+n).

Exponent form of 4 × 4 × 4 × 4

4^4

Simplify 3^2 × 3^3

3^5

Base, exponent, and power in 2^5

Base = 2, Exponent = 5, Power = 32.