Diagnostic Imaging- Final Exam: Abdominal Ultrasound Pt.4 (GI)

-can evaluate architecture of bowel wall

-visualize radiolucent foreign material

-can evaluate GI function

-comorbidities

-guide fluid/tissue sampling

what are the 5 advantages of GI ultrasound?

no!

is it okay to have gas in the abdomen for US (ultrasound)?

12

the patient should be fasted for ______ hours before GI US

-no gas!

-12 hour fast

-consider patient condition

-sedation?

four things to consider when preparing a patient for GI ultrasound?

descending duodenum

when ultrasounding, follow the stomach from fundus to the ___________

descending colon to transverse colon to ascending colon to ileocecocolic junction

identify descending colon --> _______ colon--> _______ colon--> ______ junction

-wall thickness

-wall layering

-function- peristalsis

-luminal contents

4 things to consider when evaluating GI?

red- measuring bowel wall

blue- lumen

what is the red measuring, and what part of the structure is the blue star in?

Hyperechoic

the bowel should have

________ stripes

caudal

the stomach is ______ to the liver

rugae

the fundus is recognizable because of _______?

-from left to right

-fundus to pylorus

when ultrasounding the stomach, follow it from _____ to ______ OR fundus to _________

3-5

the stomach should have ____ contractions/min

orange- duodenum

blue- stomach

ID two gastric structures

ST- stomach

TC- transverse colon

what are the two gastric structures?

empty cat fundus

ID structure

red- gas artifact

green- fluid

blue- fundus

ID red artifact, green material, and blue structure

gas

what causes the streaking indicated by the arrow?

3-5 mm

what is the normal stomach wall thickness of the dog?

~1.5-3.5 mm

what is the normal stomach wall thickness of the cat?

rugae

when measuring stomach wall thickness, measure between _______

stomach wall thickness

what is this measuring?

empty

the stomach can appear thickened if the stomach is _________

-luminal interface

-mucosa

-submucosa

-muscularis

-serosa

what are the 5 diff. gastric wall layers?

variable

the gastric luminal contents are _____

hypoechoic

what is the echogenicity of the gastric mucosa?

hyperechoic

what is the echogenicity of the gastric submucosa?

hypoechoic

what is the echogenicity of the gastric muscularis?

hyperechoic

what is the echogenicity of the gastric serosa?

-luminal mucosal interface

-mucosa

-submucosa

-muscularis

-serosa

ID 5 layers of SI (top to bottom)

shadow

foreign bodies will _______ in the intestines

hyperechoic

what is the echogenicity of the intestinal wall layer "luminal interface"?

hypoechoic

what is the echogenicity of the intestinal wall layer "mucosa"?

hyperechoic

what is the echogenicity of the intestinal wall layer "submucosa"?

hypoechoic

what is the echogenicity of the intestinal wall layer "muscularis"?

hyperechoic

what is the echogenicity of the intestinal wall layer "serosa"?

gas or fluid

what are the contents of the SI?

gas, fluid, fecal material

what are the contents of the colon?

1-3

the SI has ______ contractions per minute

small intestine

what structure is this US of?

-no!

-not normal

-gas

are any layers present in this small intestine? is this abnormal or no? what is inside

?

-long axis

-chyme/echogenic fluid

what view is this? what is in the intestines?

red- SI

yellow- colon

ID which is the small intestine and which is the colon

short axis

which view is this? long or short axis?

colon

this is a short axis view of the colon or small intestine?

duodenum

in dogs, which is thicker: the duodenum, jejunum or ileum?

trick-ish question!!

-duodenum and jejunum similar in thickness and more thick than ileum

in cats, which is thicker: the duodenum, jejunum or ileum?

duodenum

which part of the intestines is this?

common bile duct

the arrows show major duodenal papilla. what inserts here?

wagon wheel/flower

the ileum has what sort of shape on ultrasound in short axis?

short

the ileum is _____ in length

submucosal and muscularis

the ileum has prominent _______ and _______ layers

cats

the ileocolic junction is normally identified in dogs or cats?

because of gas

why is it challenging to see the ileocolic junction in dogs?

ileum

what structure is being shown in this US?

ileum

what structure is this?

ileocolic junction

what is this US showing?

1-2 mm

the colon is

______ mm in dogs and cats

all

_____ layers of the colon have equal thickness

shadowing from feces and reverberation from gas

the contents of the colon often cause what two artifacts to occur?

the colon will have thinner walls/thin muscosal layers

-small intestine needs to have thick mucosal layers for absorption

when comparing the small intestine and the colon, how can you tell the difference between the two on ultrasound?

colon

what structure are these US images showing?

orange- thicker

purple- thick

red- gas or fluid

yellow- stomach

green- thin wall

blue- equal

black- peristalsis

pink- pelvic canal

gray- ileocolic junction

finish these sentences!! :)

red- wall of colon

blue- shadowing from fecal matter

ID red and what is the blue?

dorsal

the colon is _____ to the bladder

yellow- bladder

red- SI

pink- colon with feces

ID which is bladder, SI and colon

normal

is this a normal or abnormal bowel ?

muscularis

Image of feline small intestines which are thickened with a prominent __________ layer.