fungi

Aspergillosis genus species

aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillosis location

global

Aspergillosis transmission

inhallation of spores from soil/dust

Aspergillosis symptoms

coughing up blood, weight loss, aspergilloma (funugs ball in lungs)

Aspergillosis diagnosis

chest x ray (halo sign), serology IgE/esinophils

Aspergillosis treatment

itraconazole, voriconazole

Aspergillosis prevention

PPE, HEPA filters, avoid high risk sites

Candidiasis genus species

candida albicans/auris

Candidiasis location

global, normally lives on skin and inside the body

Candidiasis transmission

self-causing, high risk to immunocompromised

Candidiasis symptoms

oral thrush, cottage cheese discharge, rash, painful swallowing, fever, hypotension

Candidiasis diagnosis

vaginal swab, fungal culture, serology IgE/eosinophils

Candidiasis treatment

fluconazole

Candidiasis prevention

maintain good flora, good hygiene, infection control, good sanitation/hygiene

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) genus species

coccidioides immitis

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) location

SW US, Mexico, Central/South America

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) transmission

inhallation of fungal spores from soil

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) symptoms

flu-like illness, chest pain, cough, sweating, bumps on shins, skin lesions

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) diagnosis

chest-xray, serology IgE/eosinophils

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) treatment

fluconazole, ampohotericin B

Coccidiomycosis (San Joaquin Valley Fever) prevention

PPE, filters, avoid outdoor acitivity during windy conditions

Cryptococcus genus species

cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus location

global, common in Africa, SE Asia, typically in soil, decaying wood, tree hollows, bird droppings

Cryptococcus transmission

inhallation of fungus from environment, can be latent

Cryptococcus symptoms

CNS issues, pneumonia, headache, neck pain, sensitivity to light

Cryptococcus diagnosis

CSF antigen test, serology IgE/eosinophils

Cryptococcus treatment

fluconazole, ampohotericin B

Cryptococcus prevention

avoid exposure to bird droppings, contaminated soil, PPE

Ringworm genus species

tinea corporis

Ringworm location

global, typically damp places

Ringworm transmission

direct skin to skin contact, fomites

Ringworm symptoms

circular red ring rash

Ringworm diagnosis

KOH exam, skin culture, clinical diagnosis

Ringworm treatment

miconazole

Ringworm prevention

avoid direct contact w/ infected people/equipment, do not share things

Athlete's Foot genus species

tinea pedis

Athlete's Foot location

global, damp places

Athlete's Foot transmission

direct skin contact w/ contaminated surfaces

Athlete's Foot symptoms

itching/peeling scaly skin on feet

Athlete's Foot diagnosis

KOH exam, clinical diagnosis, skin culture

Athlete's Foot treatment

miconazole

Athlete's Foot prevention

wear shower shoes, keep feet clean/dry

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) genus species

pneumoncystis carinii/jiroveci

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) location

global, less common in the US

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) transmission

airborne inhallation of cysts, opportunsitic pathogen

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) symptoms

dry cough, SOB, hypoxia, fever, fatigue

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) diagnosis

mucus sample, lung biopsy, serology IgE/esinophils

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) treatment

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)

Pneumocystis pneuomnia (PCP) prevention

infection control, HEPA filters, prophylaxis