CHEM 1601 Exam 2 Memorize

alkane

C_⁵ single bonds

alkene

C double bond

alkyne

C triple bond

benzene

carbon ring w/ alternating single and double bonds

alcohol

R-OH

ether

R-O-R^’

aldehyde

R-C(O double bond)-H

ketone

R-C(O double bond)-R^’

amide

R-C(O double nond)-NR^’₂

carboxylic acid

R-C(O double bond)-OH

ester

R-C(O double bond)-O-R^’

amine

R-NH₂

nitrile

R-C(N triple bond)

linear electron geometry

2 electron domains

linear-linear

2 bonding 0 lone, 180º

trigonal planar

3 electron domains

trigonal planar-trigonal planar

3 bonding 0 lone, 120º

trigonal planar-bent

2 bonding 1 lone, <120º

tetrahedral

4 electron domains

tetrahedral-tetrahedral

4 bonding 0 lone, 109.5º

tetrahedral-trigonal pyramidal

3 bonding 1 lone, <109.5º

tetrahedral-bent

2 bonding 2 lone, <109.5º

trigonal bipyramidal

5 electron domains

trigonal bipyramidal-trigonal bipyramidal

5 bonding 0 lone, 120º equatorial 90º axial

trigonal bipyramidal-seesaw

4 bonding 1 lone, <120º equatorial <90º axial

trigonal bipyramidal-T-shaped

3 bonding 2 lone, <90º

trigonal bipyramidal-linear

2 bonding 3 lone, 180º

octahedral

6 electron domainso

octahedral-octahedral

6 bonding 0 lone, 90º

octahedral-square pyramidal

5 bonding 1 lone, <90º

octahedral-square planar

4 bonding 2 lone, 90º

Cr e^- config

[Ar]4s¹3d⁵ (half-filled d-orbital)

Mo e^- config

[Kr]5s¹4d⁵ (half-filled d-orbital)

Cu e^- config

[Ar]4s¹3d¹⁰ (full d-orbital)

Ag e^- config

[Ar]5s¹4d¹⁰ (full d-orbital)

paramagnettic

UNPAIRED e^-

diamagnetic

ALL PAIRED e^-

H octet

2 e^-

Be octet

4 e^-

B octet

6 e^-

Al octet

6 e^-

H electronegativity

2.1

Cl electronegativity

3

S electronegativity

2.5

Period 2 electronegativity

F has 4, every element to left decreases by 0.5

nonpolar covalent bond electronegativity

∆0.0-0.5

polar covalent electronegativity

∆0.5-2.0

ionic bond electronegativity

∆>2.0

# of angular nodes

l

# of radial nodes

n-l-1

# of total nodes

n-1