Earth Science B Unit 4
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24 Terms
nebula
a cloud of gas and dust where stars form
protostar
a hot dense core forming from collapsing gas and dust
gravity
the force that pulls matter together
fusion
the process where atomic nuclei combine and release energy
nuclear fusion
the reaction in stars where hydrogen forms helium
hydrogen
the simplest and most abundant element in stars
helium
an element formed from hydrogen fusion in stars
energy
the ability to do work or produce heat and light
core
the central region of a star where fusion occurs
temperature
a measure of how hot something is
luminosity
the amount of light a star emits
spectral class
a category based on a star’s surface temperature
main sequence
the stage where a star fuses hydrogen into helium
red giant
what a medium size star becomes after its main sequence. It is bigger and cooler at this stage
white dwarf
a small dense remnant of a low-mass star
supergiant
a very large
supernova
an explosion marking the death of a massive star
neutron star
a dense stellar remnant made mostly of neutrons
black hole
an object with gravity so strong that light cannot escape
element
a substance made of one type of atom
heavy elements
elements heavier than iron formed in stellar explosions
stellar evolution
the life cycle of a star
H-R diagram
a graph showing the relationship between temperature and luminosity of stars
cosmic recycling
the process where matter from old stars forms new stars and planets
