Atom Particles

What particles can only go in the middle

protons and neutrons

what particle effect the element name

protons

which particles are responsible for the charge

Protons (+) and electrons (-)

which particles are responsible for the mass number

protons and neutrons

What is the top number

atomic # (protons)

what is the bottom number

mass # (protons + neutrons)

How do you find the charge (+2)

protons minus electrons

Isotopes have the same number of protons, but…

different number of neutrons

What is nuclear radiation

energy given off spontaneously from the nucleus of an atom

Elements that emit radiation are

radioactive

What is radiation

form of energy from natural and human-made sources

Alpha radiation

stops at the skin surface; dangerous only if inhaled or eaten (protective shielding: paper and clothing)

Beta radiation

will not penetrate past skin layer (protective shielding: Heavy clothing, plastic, alum. foil, gloves)

Gamma radiation

fully penetrates body (protective shielding: thick lead, concrete, water barrier)

X-ray radiation

penetrates tissue but not bone (protective shielding: lead, apron, concrete barrier)

Neutron radiation

fully penetrates body (protective shielding: concrete barrier, water layer)

Which radiation is the weakest

alpha

which radiation is the strongest

gamma