Bios 113 Midterm practicum

Gilson pipetman

Micropipette

Fisherbrand finnpipettes

Micropipette

Micropipette

pipette that measures in uL

Serological pipette

pipette that measures in mL

Micropipettes vs. Serological Pipettes

Micropipettes measure 1-1,000uL Serological Pipettes 1,-50mL

Serial Dilution

½ of previous cell dilution will be in the next. (cell 1: 1.00, cell 2: 0.50, cell 3: 0.25, cell 4: 0.125, ect.)

Ocular lens

10x

Scanning lens

4x

Low power objective lens

10x

high power objective lens

40x

oil immersion

100x

Total magnification

ocular lens+ objective lens

Compound light microscope

Microscope we use

condenser

the part of the microscope where light passes through and used to gather and concentrate the light

fine-focus
fine focus knob

adjusting the focus at the high power objective lens ONLY

image inversion: light bending through the lens

causes the ‘e’ to be upside down

Field of View

The area you see under a microscope for a particular magnification

Size range of a microscope at scanning objective

At 40x, about 5mm

Methylene Blue stain

used to see cheek cells; negatively charged molecules within the cell

depth of field

which objet is close, middle, fartherest

Average size of a yeast cell

3-5 micrometers

TC buffer

Chemical used before lab to lyse the pea cells

SDS Buffer

OPEN CELLS; Lyse the cells and disrupt lipid membranes, inactivate protiens

Phenol/ chloroform

CUTS proteins; denature proteins and punctures them

Protienase

DIGESTS protiens; protien digesters

Salt/ ethanol solution

White pebble, concentrate the nucleic acid and precipitates turning it into a solid again,

RNAase enzyme

digests RNA

Nuclease Free Water

resuspended DNA

ratio of Water and DNA

1:40

Top layer of DNA solution

Aqueous DNA/ RNA

Middle layer of DNA solution

White chunky, Protein Layer

Bottom layer of DNA solution

Organic layer proteins/lipids

OD260/OD280

1.8

Absorbance of DNA

260(1/40)(50 ug/uL)

Colchicine

Stop meiosis, inhibits polymerization of microtubules

Acheta domesticus

name of the cricket

Trypsin

digests proteins away

Chilled PBS

Washed proteins away

Giemsa stain

Stained Chromosomes

Distinguish Chromosomes

Size and banding pattern

gametic cells

23 haploid sex cells

Somatic cells

46 diploid cells

Passive transport

high concentration → low concentration

Energy in Passive Transport

NO Energy

Active Transport

Low Concentration → High concentration

Energy in Active Transport

REQUIRES energy

Facilitated Transport

protien carrier

Molarity

how much substance is in a solution

hypotonic

more water outside of cells so the red blood cell takes it all in; bloated cell

Hypertonic

More water inside cell so red blood cell releases it all; shriveled cell

Benedicts test

GLUCOSE

Benedict test: Blue

No glucose

Benedicts test: orange

glucose present

Iodine Test

Starch

Iodine Test: yellow

No starch

Iodine test: Purple/black

Starch

Semipereable membrane

allows some things to pass through while blocking others

% change

(final- initial/ initial ) x 100

permount

to secure a coverslip on the slide

Oil for oil immersion

increases the refractive index to make viewing possible

centrifuge

a device that uses centrifugal force to separate components of a mixture based on density.

Low-speed centrifugation

separates large components, such as cells

high speed centrifugation

separates small components, like ribosomes

Sedimentation

the solid dense solid at the bottom of the centrifuge

Supernatant

the liquid above the pellet containing lighter components