Clin-Chem Lab AA Part 5

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Monoclonal Gammopathy

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Polyclonal Gammopathy

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Nephrotic Syndrome

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Cirrhosis

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Acute Inflammation

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Chronic Inflammation

What disease/ disorder is associated?

Hypogammaglobulinemia

• Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

• Sharp, tall M-spike in gamma region

• Excess monoclonal IgG or IgA

• Other proteins:

• Normal or decreased albumin

Monoclonal Gammopathy

• Chronic infection, Liver Disease

• Broad, diffuse increase in gamma region

• Polyclonal Ig production

• Other conditions:

• Chronic liver disease

• Autoimmune disorders

Polyclonal Gammopathy

• Decreased albumin

• Protein loss in urine

• Increased Alpha-2 globulin

• Alpha-2 macroglobulin retention

• Other proteins:

• Beta and gamma regions may be reduced

Nephrotic Syndrome

• Liver Disease

• Betta-gamma bridging

• Fusion of betta and gamma bands due to increased IgA

• Other Proteins:

• Decreased albumin due to impaired liver synthesis.

Cirrhosis

• Marked decreased or absence of the Alpha-1 globulin band.

• Conditions:

• Liver disease

• Genetic disorder

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency

• Immediate response pattern

• Increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulin fractions.

• Albumin may be slightly decreased due to negative acute response.

• Conditions:

• Acute infections

• Burns

• Trauma

• Acute phase reactions

Acute Inflammation

• Delayed response pattern

• Increased alpha-1, alpha-2 globulin and globulin fractions.

• Albumin may be slightly decreased due to negative acute response.

• Conditions:

• Chronic infections

• Autoimmune disease

Chronic Inflammation

• Marked decrease or absence of gamma-globulin band

• Normal levels of albumin, alpha and beta globulins.

• Conditions:

• Primary and secondary immunodeficiency

Hypogammaglobulinemia