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What disease/ disorder is associated?
Monoclonal Gammopathy
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Polyclonal Gammopathy
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Nephrotic Syndrome
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Cirrhosis
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Acute Inflammation
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Chronic Inflammation
What disease/ disorder is associated?
Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
• Sharp, tall M-spike in gamma region
• Excess monoclonal IgG or IgA
• Other proteins:
• Normal or decreased albumin
Monoclonal Gammopathy
• Chronic infection, Liver Disease
• Broad, diffuse increase in gamma region
• Polyclonal Ig production
• Other conditions:
• Chronic liver disease
• Autoimmune disorders
Polyclonal Gammopathy
• Decreased albumin
• Protein loss in urine
• Increased Alpha-2 globulin
• Alpha-2 macroglobulin retention
• Other proteins:
• Beta and gamma regions may be reduced
Nephrotic Syndrome
• Liver Disease
• Betta-gamma bridging
• Fusion of betta and gamma bands due to increased IgA
• Other Proteins:
• Decreased albumin due to impaired liver synthesis.
Cirrhosis
• Marked decreased or absence of the Alpha-1 globulin band.
• Conditions:
• Liver disease
• Genetic disorder
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency
• Immediate response pattern
• Increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulin fractions.
• Albumin may be slightly decreased due to negative acute response.
• Conditions:
• Acute infections
• Burns
• Trauma
• Acute phase reactions
Acute Inflammation
• Delayed response pattern
• Increased alpha-1, alpha-2 globulin and globulin fractions.
• Albumin may be slightly decreased due to negative acute response.
• Conditions:
• Chronic infections
• Autoimmune disease
Chronic Inflammation
• Marked decrease or absence of gamma-globulin band
• Normal levels of albumin, alpha and beta globulins.
• Conditions:
• Primary and secondary immunodeficiency
Hypogammaglobulinemia