Complete pelvic girdle, SI, L-Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx A&P 1/31/26

What is the round, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis

Femoral head

What is the narrow region just below the head of the femur

Femoral neck

What is the large lateral projection on the proximal femur where muscles attach

Greater trochanter

What is the smaller medial projection on the proximal femur where muscles attach

Lesser trochanter

What is the posterior ridge connecting the greater and lesser trochanters

Intertrochanteric crest

What is the anterior line connecting the greater and lesser trochanters

Intertrochanteric line

What is the upper, wing-like portion of the hip bone

Ilium

What is the main central portion of the ilium

Body of ilium

What is the broad, wing-like part of the ilium

Ala

What are the three borders of the ala

Superior, anterior, and posterior borders

What is the large notch on the posterior ilium for the passage of the sciatic nerve

Greater sciatic notch

What is the posterior-inferior portion of the hip bone

Ischium

What is the pointed projection on the posterior border of the ischium

Ischial spine

What is the main central portion of the ischium

Body of ischium

What is the portion of the ischium that joins with the pubis to form the inferior part of the obturator foramen

Inferior ramus of ischium

What is the small notch located just below the ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

What is the anterior portion of the hip bone

Pubis

What is the main central portion of the pubis

Body of pubis

What is the superior branch of the pubis that contributes to the acetabulum

Superior ramus of pubis

What is the inferior branch of the pubis that forms the lower boundary of the obturator foramen

Inferior ramus of pubis

What is the large opening formed by the ischium and pubis

Obturator foramen

What two bones compose the obturator foramen

Ischium and pubis

What is the deep socket in the pelvis that articulates with the femoral head

Acetabulum

What is the cartilaginous joint at the midline of the pelvis formed by the pubic bones

Symphysis pubis

What is the synovial joint connecting the sacrum to the ilium

Sacroiliac (SI) joint

What is the ball-and-socket joint between the femoral head and the acetabulum

Hip joint

How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis

Wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet and outlet, lighter bones

How does the male pelvis differ from the female pelvis

Narrower, deeper, smaller pelvic inlet and outlet, heavier bones

How is the bony pelvis divided into false (greater) pelvis and true (lesser) pelvis

Divided by the pelvic brim

What is the area of the pelvis located above the pelvic brim

False (greater) pelvis

What is the area of the pelvis located below the pelvic brim

True (lesser) pelvis

What is the superior opening of the true pelvis

Pelvic inlet

What is the inferior opening of the true pelvis

Pelvic outlet

What type of injury involves a break in the proximal femur

Hip fracture

What type of injury occurs when the femoral head is displaced from the acetabulum

Hip dislocation

What type of injury involves one or more breaks in the pelvic bones

Pelvic fractures

What type of fracture is evaluated with Judet radiographs

Acetabulum fractures

What type of fracture is evaluated with inlet and outlet radiographs

Rami fractures

Why do fractures of one section of the pelvis often lead to fractures in another section

Because the pelvic ring is continuous, stress in one area often transmits to another

What are the two common sites of fracture in elderly of the femur?

1. Femoral neck

2. Intertrochanteric crest

What kind of joint is the hip joint

Synovial ball and socket joint

The intertrochanteric ___ is on the anterior aspect

Intertrochanteric line

The intertrochanteric ___ is on the posterior aspect

Intertrochanteric crest

What are the other names for the hip bone?

1. Os coxae

2. Innominate

What makes up the Acetabulum?

1. Ilium 2/5

2. Ischium 2/5

3. Pubis 1/5

What part of the ilium ends in the sciatic notch

Posterior inferior iliac spine

What are the four prominent processes of the ilium?

1. Anterior superior iliac spine

2. Anterior inferior iliac spine

3. Posterior superior iliac spine

4. Posterior inferior iliac spine

What is the greater sciatic notch between?

Between the Posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine

What forms the obturator foramen?

The ischial ramus with the inferior ramus of pubis

What are the three things that make up the pubis?

1. Body

2. Superior ramus

3. Inferior ramus

What kind of joints are Sacroiliac (SI) joints?

Irregular, gliding

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis joint?

Cartilaginous, slightly movable joint

What kind of fracture is this?

Subtrochanteric fracture

What kind of fracture is this?

Intertrochanteric fracture

What kind of fracture is this?

Intracapsular fracture

What kind of dislocation of the hip is more common?

Posterior dislocation

What view do you need to see a acetabulum fracture?

Judet

What view do you need to see a rami fracture?

Outlet

What is the anterior portion of the pelvis?

iliopubic column

What is the posterior portion of the pelvis?

ilioischial column

AP pelvis part position

Medially rotate feet 15–20°

AP pelvis central ray

Top of IR 1½ inches above iliac crest

AP pelvis structures visualized

Entire pelvis; femoral heads and necks; trochanters; iliac crests; proximal femur

AP low pelvis (bilateral hips) part position

Medially rotate feet 15–20°

AP low pelvis (bilateral hips) central ray

Top of IR at level of CREST

AP hip part position

No pelvic rotation; medially rotate lower limb and foot 15–20°

AP hip central ray

Perpendicular to femoral neck

AP hip structures visualized

Ilium; acetabulum; femoral head and neck; trochanters; pubic symphysis

AP oblique hip frog leg part position

Flex affected hip and knee, abduct thigh, bring knee up and drop it down to its side as much as possible

AP oblique hip frog leg central ray

Center at femoral neck

AP oblique hip frog leg structures visualized

Lesser trochanter on medial side of femur, Pelvis with no rotation

Lateral hip Lauenstein patient position

Supine, rotated toward affected side 35 degrees

Lateral hip Lauenstein part position

Flex affected knee; thigh raised toward hip; femoral neck centered

Lateral hip Lauenstein structures visualized

Proximal femur; acetabulum

Axiolateral hip cross table part position

Flex knee and hip of unaffected limb to place thigh vertical, rest unaffected leg and foot on a support, no rotation of pelvis

Axiolateral hip cross table central ray

Horizontal and perpendicular to long axis of femoral neck

Axiolateral hip cross table structures visualized

Head, acetabulum, neck, trochanters

AP oblique acetabulum Judet patient position

RPO or LPO

AP oblique acetabulum Judet part position

elevate patient 45° with support

Judet affected hip position, Affected hip up = ____ oblique, affected hip down = ___ oblique

Internal, external

AP oblique acetabulum Judet central ray

2 inches medial to elevated ASIS

AP oblique acetabulum Judet structures visualized

Entire pelvis; acetabulum

AP axial pelvic outlet part position

MSP centered to midline of grid

AP axial pelvic outlet central ray

Men: 20–35° cephalic; Women: 30–45° cephalic; enters midline 2 inches below ASIS, with change in SID

AP axial pelvic outlet structures visualized

Pubic and ischial rami

AP axial pelvic inlet part position

MSP centered to midline

AP axial pelvic inlet central ray

35–40° caudal; enters midline at level of ASIS

AP axial pelvic inlet structures visualized

Entire pelvic ring

AP axial SI joints Ferguson part position

Supine

AP axial SI joints Ferguson central ray

30° cephalic (male); 35° cephalic (female); enters 2 inches below ASIS MSP

AP axial SI joints Ferguson structures visualized

Lumbosacral joint; symmetric sacroiliac joints

Posterior oblique SI joints part position

25–30° posterior oblique with support

Posterior oblique SI joints central ray

1 inch medial to elevated ASIS

Posterior oblique SI joints structures visualized

SI joint farthest from IR; open joint space

Why are Judet views performed?

To visualize the acetabulum

Why are pelvic outlet views performed?

To visualize the rami

Why are pelvic inlet views performed?

To visualize the pelvic ring

What view is this?

AP Pelvis

What view is this?

AP Hip

What view is this?

AP Oblique “Frog Leg”