A Review of Arithmetic and Algebra

Flashcards summarizing key vocabulary and concepts from the review of arithmetic and algebra.

Numerator

The top number of a fraction, indicating how many parts are counted.

Denominator

The bottom number of a fraction, indicating the total number of equal parts.

Proper Fraction

A fraction where the numerator is less than the denominator.

Improper Fraction

A fraction where the numerator is greater than the denominator.

Mixed Number

A number consisting of an integer and a proper fraction.

Reducing Fractions

The process of simplifying a fraction to its simplest form by dividing both the numerator and denominator by their greatest common factor.

Least Common Denominator (LCD)

The smallest number that can be evenly divided by the denominators of two or more fractions.

Distributive Property

A mathematical property indicating that a(b + c) = ab + ac.

Linear Equation

An equation in the variable x that is of the form ax + b = c, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.

Addition Property of Equality

States that if a = b, then a + c = b + c for any real number c.

Multiplication Property of Equality

States that if a = b, then ac = bc for any real number c ≠ 0.

Ratio

A comparison between two quantities, expressed as a fraction or using a colon.

Proportion

An equation stating that two ratios are equivalent.

Percent

A ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute is dissolved.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Dilution Ratio

A specific ratio that describes the relationship of the substance being diluted to the total mixture.

Percent Concentration

The amount of solute divided by the total solution volume, multiplied by 100.

Cross Products

In a proportion, the products of the means and extremes are equal (if a/b = c/d, then ad = bc).