Chemistry: Nuclear Processes and Radioactivity

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to nuclear processes and radioactivity, based on the lecture notes provided.

Redox Reactions

Reactions in which one substance gains electrons and another loses electrons.

Electron Configuration

The arrangement of electrons in an atom that is similar to noble gases, achieved through reactions between elements.

Isotope

Variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Nucleons

Collective term for protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Alpha Decay

A type of radioactive decay where an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

Half-Life

The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

Beta Decay

A radioactive decay process in which a neutron is transformed into a proton and an electron, which is emitted.

Gamma Emission

A type of decay where the nucleus rearranges itself to a stable configuration and emits gamma radiation without changing its mass or atomic number.

Natural Radioactivity

The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

Radon

A colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive gas produced from the decay of uranium, which poses health risks when inhaled.

Alpha Particle

A type of particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons emitted during alpha decay.

Beta Particle

An electron or positron emitted during the beta decay of a nucleus.

Decay Series

A series of steps that radioactive atoms undergo as they decay into stable atoms.

Unstable Nucleus

A nucleus that is prone to decay due to an imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons.

Radioactive Waste

Material that is radioactive and is the product of nuclear reactions, requiring careful management.