Bio94 Midterm 3

Fungi

Eukaryotes

Single cell fungi

Yeasts

Multicelluar fungi

Mycelium

Hyphae

Long, narrow filaments

Septa

Walls that divide filaments into cells

Coenocytic

Lacking a septa

Lophotrochozoa

• Protosome

• Includes Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Mollusca

• All organisms use a feeding structure called a lophophore (ring of ciliated tentacles)

Gastrulation

Movement of cells from outer sueface interally to form 3 germ layers

Protosome

First opening is the mouth

Deutersome

First opening is the anus

Coelomates

The coelom is two parts

Acoelomates

No coelom

Pseudocoelomates

The coelom is one part

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms

Annelid

Earthworms, Leeches

• Has a coelom

• Segmented

• Appendages with bristles

Mollusc

Snails

• Shell

• Mantle

• Radula (arms that help feed)

• Foot

• Includes Gastropoda and Cephalopoda

Gastropoda

Snail, slug, limpet, abalone

Cephalopoda

Nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopus

Ecdysozoans

Nematoda, Tardigrada, Onychophora, Arthopoda

• Continuous growth → Ecdysis (molting)

Nematodes

Roundworms

• Unsegmented

• Longitudinal muscles

Arthopods

• Includes Insecta, Crustacea, Chelicerata

• Exoskeleton made of chitin

• Metamorphosis

Incomplete metamorphosis

Parent and offspring look the same

Complete metamorphosis

Parent and offspring are different

Insecta

Bees, flies, cicada, moths

• Wings, antennae, 4 pairs of walking legs

Crustacea

Lobster, crab, shrimp, isopod

• 2 pair of antennae, 4 pairs of walking legs

Chelicerata

Spider, tick, mite, scorpions

• 4 pairs of walking legs, specific mouth parts

Echinoderm

Sea star, sea cucumber

• Bilateral symmetry when juveniles

• Radical symmetry in adulthood

• H2O system

• Tube feet

Chordate

Includes Vertebrata and Cephalochordata

• Pharyngeal gill slits

• Dorsal hollow nerve cord

• Notocord (support rod)

• Muscular post-anal tail

Chondrichthyans

Shark, skate, ray

• Cartilage skeletons

Vertebrata

Human, reptile

• Has a vertebrate (protects spinal cord) and a cranium (protects brain and sensory organs)

Cartilage

Made up of polysaccharides and protein fibers

Bone

Made of calcium phosphate

Midbrain

Vision

Forebrain

Smell

Hindbrain

Balance and hearing

Eutherians

Live birth

Marsupials

Live birth but finish development in a pouch

Monotremes

Eggs