Heart Failure Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to heart failure and its management as outlined in Chapter 30 of the lecture notes.

HFREF

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, characterized by a reduced ability of the heart to pump blood.

HFPEF

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, where the heart maintains its pumping ability but has impaired filling.

Right-Sided Heart Failure

A condition where the right side of the heart is unable to pump effectively, causing fluid buildup in tissues and organs.

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when lying flat, often seen in heart failure patients due to fluid redistribution.

LVEF

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, indicating the percentage of blood the left ventricle pumps out during each contraction.

ARNI

Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor, a drug that blocks RASS by opposing Angiotensin II, while maintaining levels of natriuretic peptides.

ACE Inhibitors

Medications that block the formation of Angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

ARBs

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, which prevent angiotensin from acting on its receptors, reducing blood volume and pressure.

Inotropes

Medications that improve the strength of heart muscle contractions, important in managing heart failure.

Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of the heart muscle, commonly a response to pressure overload in heart failure.