AP Human Geo 5.5-5.9 vocab

I stole Evan's vocab sheet lmao

Third Agricultural Revolution

Expanded mechanization of farming, development of global agriculture systems, and use of technology to further agricultural production.

Green Revolution

Development of higher yield, more disease resistant, and faster growing varieties of grain.

Hybridization

Process of breeding two plants that have desirable characteriscs to produce a seed with both characteristics.

Genetically Modified Organism

Engineering technology is used to change the genetics of a seed.

Bid-Rent Theory

Land costs of different types of activities, where there is usually a distance decay relationship between proximity to the urban market and the value of the land.

Capital Intensive

Uses expensive machinery and other inputs.

Labor Intensive

Large quanities of produce are produced, relying on many low paid migrant workers to tend and harvest crops.

Factory Farming

Capital intensive livestock opetaion where many animals are bred and fed in closed quarters.

Aquaculture

Intensive farming, but rather than raising typical fish in closed quarters, fish, shellfish, or water plants are raised in netted area in sea tanks or other bodies of water.

Double Cropping

Planting and harvesting a crop two times a year on the same piece of land.

Intercropping

Two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.

Monoculture

Only one crop or animal is raised each season on the land.

Monocropping

Raising one type of crop or animal year after year.

Feedlots

Confined spaces in which livestock have limited movement.

Agribusiness

Farms run as corporations and the globalization of agriculture.

Transnational Corporations

Coporations that operate in many countries.

Vertical Integration

Ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good.

Economies of Scale

Increases in efficiency to lower the per unit production cost, resulting in greater profits.

Commodity Chain

Process used by corporations to gather resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers.

Carrying Capacity

Number of people that farmers can support given the available resources.

Cool Chains

Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip.

Location Theory

Why people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity.

von Thünen Model

Economic model that suggested a pattern for the type of produces that farmers would produce at different positions relative to the marker where they sell their goods.

Isotropic Plain

Flat and featureless regions with similar fertility and climate throughout.

Horticulture

Type of agriculture that includes market gardening and dairy farming.

Bid-Price Curve

Used to determine the borders of land use on the von Thünen Model.

Free-Market Economy

Supply and demand are not government policy, and determines the outcome of competition for land, meaning the farmer with the greatest profit will pay the most at each location to occupy the land.

Comparative Advantage

Naturally occuring beneficial conditions that would prompt farmers to plant crops differently from those predicted by the von Thünen Model.

Supply Chain

All the steps required to get a product or service to customers.

Luxury Crops

Crops that are nonessential to human survival, but have a high profit margin.

Neocolonialism

Use of economic, political, and social pressures to control former colonies.

Fair Trade Movement

Effort to promote higher incomes for produces and more sustainable farming practices.

Subsidies

Public financial supports to farmers to safeguard food production.

Infrastructure

The roads, bridges, etc. of a country.