AP Human Geography Vocab 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

Physical Geography

The study of Earth’s physical Features Ex, Landforms, climate, and ecosystems.

Human Geography

Study of humans, the impact, phenomena, population ect…

Models

A way to demonstrate a concept or theory.

Spatial Model

A model that uses location to group (across a space) Usually illustrated. (Maps, Diagrams etc…)

Non Spatial model

Focuses on other aspects like time rather than location. Usually written using words and graphs

Time - Distance Delay

Theory that the closer things are (cities), the more connected they are

Physical Maps

Maps that show Earth’s Physical Features

Road Maps

Maps showing roads, highways, railroads etc…

Plat Maps

Maps showing Property Lines

Thematic Maps

Maps that showcase data (spatial aspects of info)

Choropleth Maps

Use color and shades to show data. Not very specific

Dot Distribution Maps

Use dots to show data, precise on location

Graduated Symbol Maps

Use Symbols of different sizes to show data. Precise location and show more or less.

Absolute Location

The precise location. Uses Longitude and Lattitude

Latitude

Measures earth north and south. used to show climate

Equater

0 degrees Longitude. Center of the Earth.

Longitude

Runs North to south. Measures East and west. used to make time zones

Prime-Meridian

0 degrees longitude

International Date Line

180 degrees longitude. Seperates 2 dates. Spewed to encompass territories

Relative Location

The location of smthn with comparison to another landmark

Distribution

How things are layed out

Clustered Distribution

Concentrated Area

Linear Distribution

Arranged in straight line

Dispersed Distribution

Far Apart

Circular Distribution

Equally Spaced from center point

Geometric Distribution

Made in regular arrangements (blocks or town squares)

Random Distribution

Randomly Distributed

Networks

Interconnected systems

Quantitative Data

Numerical Data

Qualitative Sources

Sources not represented by numbers. Usually Pictures or descriptions or interviews

Scales of Analysis

Scales for analysis such as analysing at local lvl, state lvl etc…

Reference Maps

Maps used for general use

Political Maps

Maps that show borders (country, state, county)

Isoline Maps

Thematic Maps that use lines to group similar data

Topographic Maps

Isoline maps that show elevation

Cartogram

Size of geographic area is altered to show data. Ex india becoming bigger

Scale

Ratio between different sizes. Ex, Size on map vs size irl

Cartographic Scale

WAY that map communicates its size to irl world size

Small Scale Maps

Larger Area, Less Detail

Large Scale Maps

Smaller area, more detailed

Connectivity

How well two locations are tied together

Accessibility

How easily people can interact from one location to another

Direction

Where things are in relation to each other

Patterns

Phenomena that follow a systematic layout

Absolute distance

How far something actually is

Relative Distance

Degree of nearness based on time and money

Elevation

Features above sea lvl

Landscape Analysis

Defining and Describing an area

Spatial Data

Info that can be tied to specific locations

Aerial Photography

Photography using images from planes

Field Observations

Visiting location and gathering info from there firsthand

Remote Sensing

Information (not just pics) from a distance (Aerial and Satelites)

Fieldwork

More in depth field observations

Geovisualization

using visual tools visualize data of the earth

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A GIS is a computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Global positioning system (GPS)

Receivers on Earth use satellites to find and record location

Community - based solutions

Solution for problem that involves the community during decisions and implementations