PSYCH CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (5)

Coping

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

Problem focused coping

Alleviating stress by changing stressor or how we interact with that stressor.

Emotion focused coping

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring the stressor and focusing on emotional needs related to the reaction to the stress.

Personal control

Sense of controlling environment versus feeling helpless.

Learned helplessness

The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

Internal locus of control

Belief that individuals themselves have more control over their lives.

External locus of control

Belief that outside forces control our fate.

Self-control

The ability to delay instant gratification and control impulses for greater long-term rewards.

Willpower depletion effect

Research suggest that self-control becomes weaker with use and needs to be replenished.

Social support

Emotional or practical help provided by others, which can improve mental and physical health.

Feel-good-do-good phenomenon

The tendency for people to be more likely to do good when they are in a good mood.

Positive psychology

The study of human flourishing aimed at promoting strengths and virtues to create well-being and positive emotions.

Subjective well-being

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.

Relative deprivation

The feeling that one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself.

Adaptation-level phenomenon

The tendency to form judgments based on prior experiences from a defined neutral point or level.

Extreme inequality

A situation where excessive wealth does not contribute to increased happiness and is socially toxic.

Income satiation

The point at which additional income does not improve happiness or emotional well-being.

Broaden and build theory

Positive emotions broaden our awareness and build skills and resilience that improve well-being.

Resilience

Personal strength that helps one cope with stress and recover from trauma.

Aerobic exercise

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness, which helps alleviate depression and anxiety.

Mindfulness meditation

Being aware of one's body and emotions, increasing calmness and receptiveness.

Dysfunctional/maladaptive

Behaviors that interfere with normal daily life.

Medical model

The approach of viewing mental disorders as diseases to be diagnosed and treated similarly to physical illnesses.

Diathesis-stress model

The theory that individual genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorders.

Epigenetics

The study of how DNA and environmental factors interact.

Comorbidity

The occurrence of one disorder increasing the risk of another.

DSM-5-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the most common tool used to describe mental disorders.

Generalized anxiety disorder

A condition characterized by persistent, uncontrollable worry about various issues.

Panic disorder

Characterized by recurrent panic attacks and fear of future attacks.

Specific phobias

Intense, irrational fears of particular objects or situations.

Agoraphobia

Fear of public situations where escape might be difficult.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A condition marked by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Hoarding disorder

Characterized by the accumulation of items that leads to clutter and distress.

Body dysmorphic disorder

A preoccupation with perceived defects in one's appearance.

Trichotillomania

A disorder involving recurrent pulling out of one's hair.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Characterized by haunting memories and withdrawal after a traumatic experience.

Trauma and stressor-related disorders

Group of disorders where exposure to trauma leads to psychological distress.

Schizophrenia

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms.

Antisocial personality disorder

A disorder characterized by a disregard for others' rights, often manifesting as deceitful or aggressive behavior.

Feeding and eating disorders

Disorders that involve altered eating patterns impacting health.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and body image distortion.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder involving binge eating followed by purging behaviors.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Disorders that result in impairments in brain function affecting behavior or learning.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A condition marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.