DNA and Mieosis

What process allows for the formation of two new identical DNA molecules?

DNA replication.

What is the significance of the ribosome in cell biology?

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

In which cellular phase does DNA replication occur?

Interphase.

What effect does mutation have on protein structure?

Mutations can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially altering its structure and function.

Describe the function of the nucleolus.

The nucleolus produces ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.

What are the primary products of transcription?

Messenger RNA (mRNA).

Define meiosis.

Meiosis is a reduction division that produces gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.

What role do codons play in protein synthesis?

Codons are sequences of three mRNA nucleotides that code for specific amino acids.

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets.

What happens during crossing over in meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material, increasing genetic variation.

What are nitrogenous bases in DNA?

The molecules that comprise the genetic code, including adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome according to the sequence of the mRNA transcript.

What term describes a sudden change in the DNA nucleotide sequence?

Mutation.

Why is genetic variation important?

Genetic variation allows populations to adapt to changing environments and can enhance survival.

How does DNA profiling assist in crime investigation?

DNA profiling provides a unique genetic fingerprint to match samples from crime scenes with suspects.

What are the types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).