AP World History Unit 6 Vocabulary

Imperialism

Countries expanding into or influencing other countries through military force or political/diplomatic action.

Missionaries

Someone who is sent on a religious mission to another land or country

Anti-Imperialist

Individuals and groups who oppose imperialism.

Direct Rule

A system of government in which a province is controlled by a central government, made to avoid input from locals.

Indirect Rule

Foreign rule in colonial states which allowed for cooperation between colonial and local governments.

Protectorate

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power.

Sphere Of Influence

Regions in China of which specific European colonial powers had exclusive trading rights in.

Hausa

Native ethnic group in West Africa

Fulani

Native ethnic group in Africa, particularly the Sahel

Asante

The Akan ethnic group, and the Asante Empire which is now Ghana. The Asante Empire was annexed by Britain in 1901.

Zulu

Largest ethnic group of South Africa. Conflicts between Zulus and the Dutch arose after Britain took over South Africa..

Boers

Descendants of Dutch settlers in Southern Africa, speaks Afrikaans, defeated in the Boers War of 1899 and became part of South Africa.

Paternalistic

Describing the restriction of freedom and act of subservience

The Berlin Conference

An agreement made between colonial powers which regulated European Colonialism in Africa.

Racial Segregation

Separation of citizens into racial or ethnic groups in their daily life

Menelik II

Former emperor of Ethiopia, during colonial expansion.

Ottoman

Muslim Empire in modern-day Turkiye, of whom was declining throughout the 19th century.

Mughal

An Islamic power on the Indian subcontinent, who was taken over by colonial Britain.

Bosporus & Dardenelles

Place where the Russians wanted access in order to gain access to the Mediterranean.

Armenian Genocide

Systematic erasure of Armenian cultural identity under the Ottoman Empire during WWI

Genocide

Systematic erasure of an ethnic group, culture, religion, etc

Suez Canal

An artificial seaway in Egypt

Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life.

Sepoy

An Indian soldier serving under British colonial order

Sepoy Rebellion

An uprising from Indian colonial subjects against the British East India Company

British Raj

British colonial rule over India

Muslim League

Political party established to secure Muslim goals in South Asia

Balance of Trade

Balancing of a country's imports and exports

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Western powers associated with the importation of Opium into China as a way to sabotage their working population.

Extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Confucianism

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

Open Door Policy

Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.

Boxers

An Anti-Imperialist group who attacked Christians and Missionaries. Encouraged by Emperor Cixi.

Isolationism

A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations.

Meiji Restoration

Japan's modernization during the late 1800s. Overthrowing of the Shogunate and Samurai, etc. Included colonialism, particularly in Korea, China, Pacific Islands, and Mexico.

Tributary State

A state that is subordinate to a more powerful neighbor through tributes.

Russo-Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan over imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious.

French Indochina

The regional grouping of south asian countries, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, which was associated with the intermingling of Indian and Chinese culture.

Indigenous

Natives in a certain land. (Ex. Indigenous Americans)

Penal Colony

A colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

Regionalism

Loyalty to the interests of a particular region

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Panama Canal

The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa, so a canal in southern Panama was constructed.

Persia

The historical name for Iran, where the heart of the Safavid Empire was and was marked by the fall of traditional middle eastern empires.

Safavid

An Islamic Empire in Persia, who had fallen in 1736 after being weakened by internal conflicts and European colonialist powers.