General Chemistry 1 - Properties of Matter

Flashcards about General Chemistry 1 - Quarter 1 Week 1 Module 1: Properties of Matter

What are the defining characteristics of matter?

Has mass and occupies space.

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, liquid, and gas.

What defines a solid state of matter?

Rigid, fixed shape and volume.

What defines a liquid state of matter?

Definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

What defines a gas state of matter?

No fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its container.

What are some typical physical properties of a substance?

Odor, color, volume, state, density, melting point, and boiling point.

What are chemical properties of a substance?

The ability to form new substances.

What happens during a chemical change?

A substance changes into a fundamentally different substance.

What happens to water molecules during physical changes like melting or boiling?

The water molecules are still intact, only motions and distances change.

What happens to water during electrolysis, and what new substances are formed?

Water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen.

What are elements?

Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means.

What are compounds?

Substances that have the same composition no matter where they are found and can be broken down into elements.

What defines a mixture?

Something that has variable composition.

What defines a pure substance?

A substance that always has the same composition.

What are the two categories of pure substances?

Pure substances are either elements or compounds.

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture that is the same throughout.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture that contains regions that have different properties from those of other regions.

What is the chemical name and formula for baking soda?

Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3

What is the chemical name and formula for borax?

Sodium tetraborate decahydrate, Na2B4O7 10H₂O

What is the chemical name and formula for caustic soda?

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH

What is the chemical name and formula for chalk/marble?

Calcium carbonate, CaCO3

What is the chemical name and formula for Plaster of Paris?

Calcium sulfate, CaSO4

What is the chemical name and formula for quick lime?

Calcium oxide, CaO

What is the chemical name and formula for table salt?

Sodium chloride, NaCl

What is the chemical name and formula for table sugar?

Sucrose, C12H22O11

What is the chemical name and formula for vetsin/MSG?

Monosodium glutamate, C5H8NO4Na

What are mixtures?

Physical combinations of two or more pure substances.

How are mixtures formed and separated?

Physical processes.

What are some techniques for separating heterogeneous mixtures?

Decanting, sieving, filtration, separating funnel, centrifugation, and magnetic separation.

What are some techniques for separating homogeneous mixtures?

Evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

What is decanting?

Separating a liquid from a solid by gently pouring off the liquid.

What is sieving?

Separating a mixture based on different sizes of components using a mesh.

What is filtration?

Separating very fine solid particles from liquid or gas mixtures using filter paper.

What is a separating funnel used for?

Using a funnel to separate a mixture of two non-miscible liquids.

What is centrifugation?

Spinning tubes of heterogeneous mixtures at very high speeds to force components to separate into layers.

What is magnetic separation?

Separating magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials using a magnet.

What is evaporation used for?

Recovering dissolved solids from solutions by evaporating the liquid.

What is distillation?

Evaporating a liquid and then condensing the vapor by cooling to collect the distillate.

What is chromatography?

Separating liquid or gas mixtures by using different affinities of substances to stationary and mobile phases.