Second Industrial Revolution

Nativist

 A person who favors the interests of native-born inhabitants over immigrants and often opposes immigration or cultural change.

Anarchism

 The belief that government is unnecessary and harmful; advocates for self-managed, stateless societies and often opposes centralized authority

Socialism

An economic and political system where the community or state owns/controls major means of production and distribution to promote greater equality.

Laissez-Faire

An economic philosophy that government should not interfere in business affairs; markets and competition should operate with little or no regulation.

Social Darwinism

The idea that, like biological evolution, competition in human society leads to "survival of the fittest," often used to justify economic inequality and minimal government intervention.

Tenements

crowded, run-down apartment buildings