Tom holder practice test bio 2 exam 1

(this is not from SI- its just from my notes)

Which of the following best describes the science of describing, naming, and classifying living and extinct organisms?

A. taxonomy'

B. Binomial nomenclature

C. Systematics

D. Paraphyletic group

A. taxonomy

Which of the following best describes the study of biological diversity/ evolutionary relationships among organisms- either extinct or modern?

A. Taxonomy

B. Binomial Nomenclature

C. systematics

D. paraphyletic group

C. systematics

(TRUE/FALSE)- Taxonomic groups are based on evolutionary relationships

False- hypotheses

(TRUE/ FALSE) Systematics groups are based on hypotheses

FALSE- evolutionary relationships

Which of the following best describe taxonomy systems

A. naming organisms in a biological system

B. a hierarchical system involving successive levels including taxons

C. prokaryotic organisms

D. Eukaryotic organsims

B. a hierarchical system involving successive levels

Which of the following is not included in the eukarya Kingdoms?

A. Plantae

B. fungi

C. Algea

D. Animalia

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C. algae

Which of the following does not describe prokaryotic organisms?

A. lack nucleus

B. Before nucleus

C. internal Membrane system

D. lack membrane-bounded organelles

C. internal membrane system

Which of the following does not describe Eukaryotic organisms?

A. before nucleus

B. well defined nucleus

C. membrane bounded organelles

D. internal membrane system (comparments

A. before nucleus

When naming organisms using the binomial nomenclature (which indicates the genus and the species) which of the following is capitalized/ lower cased/ italicized/ underlined?

A. genus name-not capitalized, specific name- not capit

alized both are underlined/ italicized

B. Genus name- capitalized specific name- not capitalized neither are underlined/italicized.

C. Genus name- capitalized, specific name- not capitalized, both are underlined/ italicized

D. Genus name- not capitalized, specific name-capitalized, neither are underlined/ italicized

C. genus name- capitalized, specific name- capitalized, neither are underlines/ italicized

What is best described as the evolutionary history of a species/ group of species to propose phylogeny biologists use tools of systematics?

A. Phylogney

B. Paraphyleticology

C. molecular systematics

D. gene transfer

A. phylogeny

What are phylogenetic trees based on?

A. hypothesis

B. morphological/genetic data

C. anatomical data

D. DNA

B. morphological/ genetic data

What would best desribe a monophyletic group or clade?

A. contains a common ancestor and same but not all of its descendants

B. group of species, taxon, consisting of the most recent common ancestor

C. group of species, taxons, not consisting of common ancestors

D. none of the above

B. group of species, taxon, consisting of the most recent common ancestor

(TRUE/ FALSE) Reptiles and birds are in the same paraphyletic group

true

\`What below describes morphological analysis?

A. first systematic studies focused on morphological features of extinct and modern species

B. most early classification methods utilized morphological features

C. only A

D. only B

E. both A AND B

E. both A AND B

\`What below describes molecular systematics?

A. analysis of genetic data, DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequences to identify, study genetic similarities, and propose phylogenetic trees

B. DNA and amino acid sequences from closely related species are more similar to each other sequences from more distanly related species

C. only A

D. only B

E. both A AND B

E. both A AND B

\`What below describes horizontal Gene transfer?

A. any process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being offspring of that organism

B. changes in groups due to descent from common ancestor

A. any process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being offspring of that organism

\`What below describes vertical evolution?

A. any process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being offspring of that organism

B. changes in groups due to descent from common ancestor

B. changes in groups due to descent from common ancestor

**Which best descr**ibes Algea?

A. Plant-like organisms (mostly)'

B. 10 groups

C. Autotrophic (‘self feeding’)- most are photosynthetic - few ingest food

D. DNA- Many separate group

E. cell wall

F. all of the above

f. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which of the following is not true about protozoans?

A. ‘animal-like’ organisms

B. many unicellular

C. Ameoba, Paramecium

D. Mostly autotrophic (‘self-feeding)

E. none of the above

D. mostly autotrophic (‘self-feeding’)

What of the following is not true about fungal-like protists?

A. mostly saprotrophic (absorb feeding)

B. mostly multicellular slime molds

C. plant-like organsisms

D. none of the above

C. plant-like organisms

Which of the following is a characterists of the kingdom fungi in the Eukaryotic Doman?

A. A conspicuous portion of the organism is the muschroom/year/mold

B. saprotrophic (some heterotrophic)

C. nature’s recuclers

D. body=mycelium (compacted mass of tubular filaments- hyphae. fruiting body- sit of spore production

E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which of the following Phylums does not belong to the division Bryophytes?

A. Phylum hepatopphyta-liverworts- 6500 species

B. Phylum anthocerophyta- harrworts- 100 species

C. Phylum Lycopodiophyta-lycophytes- 1000 species

D. Phylum bryophta- musses-1200

C. phylum Lycopodiophyta-lycophytes-100 species

Which of the following best describes the division (phyla) Bryophytes?

A. Reproduce by spores (no seeds)

B. Require external H20 for reproduction

C. non-vascular plants- lack conducting tissues (xylem and pholem)= small

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following Phylums does not belong to the division Pteridophytes?

A. Phylum antercerophyta- harrworts- 100 species

B. phylum lycopodiophyta-lycophytes-1000 species

C. Phylum pteridophyta- ferns/ allies-1200 species

D. none of the above

A. Phylum anthocerophyta- harrworts-100 species

Which of the following best describes the division (phyla) Pteridophytes?

A. Reproduce by spores (no seeds)

B. True roots’ stems/leaves= vascularized

C. vascular tissues H20 to reproduce

D. Vascular plants- contain conducting tissues xylem (conducts water/minerals), phloem (food, solutes)

E. all of the above

F. none of the above

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E. all of the above

Which of the following Phylums does not belong to the division Gymnosperms?

A. Phylum Cycadophyta-cycads-300 species

B. Phylum Gingophyta-ginko-1 species

C. Phylum anthophilta→ 300000 species

D. Phylum Genetophyta-gnetophytes-300 species

E. Phylum Coniferophyta-conifers

C. phylum anthophilta→ 300,000 species

Which of the following doesn’t describe the division (phyla) Angiosperms?

A. It has seeds, flowers (attract pollinators), and fruits(enclose seed)

B. it has the move advances vascular tissues/seeds

C. Contains- embryo, stored food

D. It requires H20 for reproduction

E. none of the above

D. it requires H2O for reproduction

Which of the following is wrong about describing animal diversity by its characteristics?

A. Unicellular

B. lack cell wall

C. sexual reproduction with mobile small sperm/larger, non-mobile egg

D. nervous tissue

E. Hox genes

A. unicellular

What is the different ways scientists describe animals by the classification/ systematics

A. morphology

B. Embryonic Development

C. molecular genetics

D. only A and C.

E. all of the above

F. none of the above

E. all of the above

When describing body body symmetry- balanced proportions of the body on a sides of a plane, what is being studied?

A. Genetic material

B. Number of tisues layers

C. patterns of embryonic development

E. none of the above

F. only B and C

F. only B and C

When talking about body symmetry which of the following can be used to describe a animal being divided equally by longitudinal plane through the central axis, and often circular or tubular in shape with an opening?

A. Bilateria

B. Radiata

C. morphology

D. none of the above

B. radiata

When talking about body symmetry which of the following can be used to describe a animal being divided by its vertical plane, and has cephalization and dorsal, ventral sides, and has a anterior/ posterior?

A. Bilateria

B. Radiata

C. morphology

D. none of the above

A. bilateria

When describing the tissues of animals which of the following does all animals have?

A. coelom

B. Mesoderm

C. Metazoa

D. none of the above

E. all of the above

C. metazoa

Which of the following animals are parazoas-without specialized tissues or organs?

A. Sponges

B. Starfish

C. ringworms

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

A. sponges

When describing the cell layers of animals which of the following are in the correct order (with the use of these animals having all three)?

A. Inner layer- mesoderm, outer layer-ectoderm, Mesoderm

B. Mesoderm, outer layer- ectoderm, innter layer- endoderm

C. Inner layer- endoderm, outer layer- ectoderm, mesoderm

D. Outer layer- endoderm, Inner layer- ectoderm, mesoderm

C. inner layer-endoderm, outer layer- ectoderm, mesoderm

When describing the embryonic development of animals which of the following best describes Protosotome?

A. Blastopore becomes mouth

B. blastopore becomes heart

C. blastopore becomes annus

D. blastopore becomes brain

A. blastopore becomes mouth

When describing the embryonic development of animals which of the following best describes Burtherostome?

A. Blastopore becomes mouth

B. blastopore becomes heart

C. blastopore becomes annus

D. blastopore becomes brain

C. blastopore becomes annus

When describing the body cavity or coelom, which of the following best describes a Coelmate/eucoelomate cavity?

A. it is called a ‘true coelom’ because the coelom is completely lined with mesoderm

B. Coelom only partially lined with mesoderm

C. lack body cavity and has mesenchyme

D. none of the above

E. multiple are correct

A. it is called a ‘true coelom’ because the coelom is completely lined with mesoderm

When describing the body cavity or coelom, which of the following best describes an Acoelomate cavity?

A. it is called a ‘true coelom’ because the coelom is completely lined with mesoderm

B. Coelom only partially lined with mesoderm

C. lack body cavity and has mesenchyme

D. none of the above

E. multiple are correct

C. lack body cavity and has mesenchyme

When describing the body cavity or coelom, which of the following best describes an pseudocoelomate cavity?

A. it is called a ‘true coelom’ because the coelom is completely lined with mesoderm

B. Coelom only partially lined with mesoderm

C. lack body cavity and has mesenchyme

D. none of the above

E. multiple are correct

B. Coelom only partially lined with mesoderm

Which of the following animals exhibit having a peudocoelomate?

A. flatworms

B. rotifers, roundworms

C. sponges

D. all other animals

E. none of the above

B. rotifers, roundworms

Which of the following animals exhibit having a Acoelomate?

A. flatworms

B. rotifers, roundworms

C. sponges

D. all other animals

E. none of the above

A. flatworms

Which of the following animals exhibit having a Colemate/eucoelomate?

A. flatworms

B. rotifers, roundworms

C. sponges

D. all other animals

E. none of the above

D. all other animals

Which of the following is NOT a function of coelom?

A. Cushions internal organs

B. Fluid acts as rimple circulatory system

C. Enable movement/ growth of internal organs

D. None of the above (they are all functions of the coelom?

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D. None of the above (they are all functions of the coelom?

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Which type of animals can be divided into regions and allows specialization of body regions?

A. annelid worms

B. arthropods

C. chordates

D. all of the above

E. only A and B

D. all of the above

When describing the phylum poriferam which of the following is not true?

A. Sponges

B. Lack tissues/ organs

C. unicellular

D. ‘pores’ filter H2O/food

E. All of the following

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C. unicellular (multicellular)

When describing the Phylum Cnidaria which of the following is not true?

A. Flatworms

B. gelatinous covering

C. diploblastic development- 2 tissue layer (endoderm and ectoderm)

D. 2 openings with gastrovascular cavity

E. nerve net-interconnected nerve cells , no brain

A. Flatworms (corals, jellyfish, sea anemones)

When describing the Phylum Platyhelminthes which of the following is not true?

A. Flatworms, flukes, takeworms

B. Does not have organs/ organs system

C. triploblastic development- 3 tissues layers

D. Enhanced nerve net with two cerebral ganglia

E. Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

F. 1 opening with gastrovascular cavity

G. protostomes

B. Does not have organs/ organ system (does have organ/ organ system

When describing the Phylum Rotifera which of the following is not true?

A. rotifers

B. Pseudocoelmoate

C. triploblastic

D. Complex brain

E. complete gut track-alimentary canal

E. protostomes

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D. complex brain (simple brain)

When describing the Phylum mollusca which of the following is not true?

A. Snails, oysters, slugs, octopus, squid

B. triploblastic

C. Eucoelmate

D. incomplete gut track/ great nervous system

E. protostomes

D. incomplete gut track/ great nervous system (complete gut tract/average gut tract)

When describing the Phylum annelida which of the following is not true?

A. Semented/ ringed worms

B. Triloblastic

C. complete gut tract/ enhanced nervous system

D. Pseudocoelmate

D. pesudocoelmate (eucoelomate)

When describing the Phylum Nematoda which of the following is not true?

A. Sea stars, urchins, sea cumbers, and sand dollars

B. Complete gut tract

C. Triploblastic

D. Pseudocoelomate

E. Protostomes

A. Sea stars, urchins, sea cumbers, and sand dollars

( roundworms)

When describing the Phylum Anthropoda which of the following is not true?

A. Insects, crustaceans, spiders, ticks

B. enhanced nervous system- social insects, complete gut tract

C. lowest species diversity of animals

D. ==hardened== exoskeleton/ segmented appendages

E. protostomes/ ecoelomate

C. lowest species diversity of animals

(highest species diversity of animals

When describing the Phylum Echinodermata which of the following is not true?

A. Sea stars, urchins, sea cucumbers, and sand dollars

B. Exoskeleton

C. triploblastic

D. Complete gut tract/ simple nervous system

E. eucoelomate

D. deuterostomes

B. exoskeleton ( Endoskeleton- series of plates)

When describing the Phylum Chordata which of the following is not true?

A. Deuterstomes/ eucoelomate

B. endoskeleton

C. Few vertebrates, mostly invertebrates

D. Triploblastic

E. Bilateral symmetry

C. Few vertebrates, mostly invertebrates (few invertebrates, mostly vertebrates)

Which of the following is not a critical innovation of the chordate body design?

A. Notochord

B. dorsal, hollow nerve cord

C. pharyngeal gill pouched/slits

D. Egg laying

E. postanal tail

D. egg laying

Which of the following best describes a notochord?

A. expanded at the anterior end (brain) enclosed/supported and protected by vertebral column

B. Tail extends posteriorly of annus (coccyx)

C. cartilaginous supporting rod along dorsal replaced by joined backbone

D. Pharynx back of mouth cavity/ gills

C. cartilaginous supporting rod along dorsal replaced by joined backbone

Which of the following best describes a dorsal, hollow nerve cord?

A. expanded at the anterior end (brain) enclosed/supported and protected by vertebral column / notochord

B. Tail extends posteriorly of annus (coccyx)

C. cartilaginous supporting rod along dorsal replaced by joined backbone

D. Pharynx back of mouth cavity/ gills

A. expanded at the anterior end (brain) enclosed/supported and protected by vertebral column / notochord

Which of the following best describes a dorsal, Pharyngeal gill pouches/slits?

A. expanded at the anterior end (brain) enclosed/supported and protected by vertebral column / notochord

B. Tail extends posteriorly of annus (coccyx)

C. cartilaginous supporting rod along dorsal replaced by joined backbone

D. Pharynx back of mouth cavity/ gills

D. Pharynx back of mouth cavity/ gills

Which of the following best describes a dorsal, postanal tail?

A. expanded at the anterior end (brain) enclosed/supported and protected by vertebral column / notochord

B. Tail extends posteriorly of annus (coccyx)

C. cartilaginous supporting rod along dorsal replaced by joined backbone

D. Pharynx back of mouth cavity/ gills

B. Tail extends posteriorly of annus (coccyx)

Which of the following is not true for the Subphylum Urochordata (Phylum Chordata)?

A. vertebrates

B. 3000 species

C. marine

D. filter feeders

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A. vertebrates (invertebrates)

Which of the following is not true for the Subphylum Vertebrata (Phylum Chordata)?

A. ==vertebral== column- series of cartilaginous or bony elements

B. does not have a cranium

C. Endoskeleton of cartilage bony elements

D. Hox genes- vertebrates= many

E. Neural crest- special regions of cells along developing nerve cord that lines out a pathway for the peripheral nervous system

B. does not have a cranium (does have a cranium)

Which of the following is not true for the - Subphylum Vertebrata Class - Cyclostomes- jawless fishes- \*Hagfishes

A. do not have jaws,~~but~~ have eyes, fins, and vertebrae

B. skeleton comprised of notochord/ cartilaginous skull

C. covered in slime

A. do not have jaws,but have eyes, fins, and vertebrae (lacks jaws, eyes, fins, and vertebrae

Which of the following is not true for the - Subphylum Vertebrata Class - Class Ephalospidomorphill-lamprey

A. Have notochord, cartilaginous vertebral column

B. lack jaws/ appendages

C. fossils dates back 10 million years ago

C. fossils dates back 10 million years ago )(fossils dates back to 510 million years)

Which of the following is not true for the - Subphylum Vertebrata Class - Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)

A. sharks, slates, rays

B. Cartilaginous skeleton and notochord as adults

C. jaws fished

D. do not have gills for gas exchange

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D. do not have gills for gas exchange (they do have gills for gas exchange)

Which of the following is not true for the - Subphylum Vertebrata Class - Osteichthyes

A. The most diverse vertebrate group with over 27,000 species

B. mostly non-bony skeleton

C. jawed

D. paired appendages

B. mostly non-bony skeleton (mostly bony skeleton)

Which of the following is not true for the - Subphylum Vertebrata Class - Amphibia

A. Amphibios-living a double life (most split their life between aquatic and terrestrial

B. successfully-invaded land but reproduce in water

C. lungs are an adapation to a semiterrestrial lifestyle

D. 3 chambered heart

E. external fertilization

F. all of the above

Which of these facts about the Class Amphibia is wrong?

A. in the Order Anura- frogs and toads- it has nearly10% of all amphibians. Carnivorous adults, herbivorous tadpoles

B. In the Order Apoda- caeilians- Nearly blind tropical burrowers

C. order Urodela-Salamanders- often have colorful skin patterns

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

A. in the Order Anura- frogs and toads- it has nearly10% of all amphibians. Carnivorous adults, herbivorous tadpoles (90%)

What is a critical innovation for Amniotes-tetrapods-

A. Shelled egg-

B. Desiccation-resistant skin

C. thoracic breathing- negative pressure sucks air in

D. water conserving kidneys- concentrate waste prior to elimination

E. all of the above

A. shelled egg- (E is also correct but it is not the critical innovation)

When describing the egg of animals which of the following is correct?

A. birds- soft and leathery

B. Reptiles- Soft and leathery

C. most mammals-embryo embeds in the uterine wall

D. Only A and C

E. Only B AND C

F. none of the above

E. Only B AND C

Which of the following vertebrate reproduction modes is correct?

A. oviparous-egg laying’ outside of the body (fished, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals)

B. viviparous- ‘life bearing’ with egg retained with a maternal connection = placenta (reptiles, mammals)

C. Ovoviviparous-’life bearing’ with egg retained with a maternal connection = placenta (reptiles, mammals)

D. Ovoviviparous-‘live bearing’ with retention of egg, no maternal connection (fishes, reptiles)

E. only A, B, and D

F. none of the above

E. only A, B, and D

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(TRUE/ FALSE) \*Endothermic- internal temperature; body temp. Is primarily controlled by trapped metabolic heat (birds, mammals)-constant temperature

TRUE

(TRUE/ FALSE) \*Ectodermic- ‘internal temperature’; body temperature is primarily related to external temperature metabolic heat is generated, but difficult to capture, maintain the heat ( fishes, amphibians, reptiles)

true