Chapter 2 Review Sheet for TEST(Rocks and Minerals)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to rocks and minerals, including properties, types of rocks, and geological processes.

Luster

The way a mineral reflects light.

Hardness

The mineral's resistance to being scratched.

Streak

The color of the powdered mineral.

Specific Gravity

The density of the mineral compared to the density of water.

Cleavage

A mineral breaking in flat surfaces along planes of weakness.

Fracture

A mineral breaking in jagged irregular surfaces.

Fluorescence

The property demonstrated when a mineral glows while exposed to ultraviolet light.

Phosphorescence

The property demonstrated when a mineral glows after being exposed to ultraviolet light & the light is off.

Magnetism

The property of being attracted to ferrous metals (objects made of iron).

Reacting to Acid

A property demonstrated when a mineral bubbles when exposed to acid.

Cleavage

The property of a mineral defined as breaking in flat surfaces.

Metamorphic Rock

Rock that has been changed from another rock type due to heat and/or pressure.

Igneous Rock

Rock formed from cooled magma or lava.

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock that cools quickly on Earth's surface.

Intrusive Igneous Rock (Plutonic)

Igneous rock that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface.

Sandstone

Sedimentary rock made from sand-sized material.

Conglomerate

Sedimentary rock formed from rounded gravel and larger sediments.

Compaction

The process of sediments being pressed together to form sedimentary rock.

Cementation

The process of gluing sediments together, typically by minerals precipitating from water.

Erosion

The process of transporting weathered materials from one location to another.

Uplift

The geological process of rising or bringing upward.

Weathering

The process of breaking down rock into smaller pieces.

Foliated Texture

The texture of metamorphic rock that appears to be layered.

Gneissic Banding

The texture of metamorphic rock that has dark & light stripes.

Marble

Metamorphic rock that originated from limestone.

Quartzite

Metamorphic rock that originated from quartz sandstone.