DRR-MIDTERM-REVIEWER

EARTHQUAKE

It is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

EPICENTER

It is the spot on Earth’s surface directly above where the quake occur.

MAGNITUDE

It measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake.

LIQUEFACTION

A phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or rapid loading. A newly built subdivision on reclaimed land suddenly develops depression and started to sink.

VOLCANO

It is an opening or vent on the earth's surface when molten rocks, gases and ashes are rejected.

CALDERA

A large circular hole that forms when the top of volcano collapses.

LAHAR

It is a mudflow composed of rocky debris, water and pyroclastic materials.

PYROCLASTIC FLOW

Are high-density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move away from the vent that erupted them at a high speed.

CARBON DIOXIDE

A type of gas emitted from volcanoes that is heavier than air and can be fatal.

LAVA FLOW

A stream of molten rock that flows out of the volcano.

STRATOVOLCANO

A type of volcano formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials from multiple eruptions that occurred through time.

ALLUVIAL FAN

A fan or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and created by streams.

RED AREAS

A color convention used in areas that have high susceptibility to landslides.

Rockfall hazard

The danger of rocks or boulders falling from a steep slope or cliff, often triggered by earthquakes or heavy rains. After a magnitude 6.0 earthquake, boulders roll down a hill, blocking the village path.

CREEP

It is a relatively less dangerous mass movement involving the slow downslope movement of soil and weak rocks on the surface.

FLASH FLOOD

A sudden and strong overflow of water usually caused by heavy rainfall, dam break, or rapid rise of water levels in rivers or lakes. A town located near a large lake experiences sudden water overflow after continuous heavy rains.

SOIL CRACKING

The development of wide surface cracks in farmlands due to extreme heat and lack of rainfall. Farmlands develop wide surface cracks after continuous periods of extreme heat and no rainfall.

LANDSLIDE RISK

The possibility of slope failure or ground movement, often after prolonged rainfall. Residents notice their homes tilting slightly as the ground becomes unstable after several days of rainfall

DROUGHT

A prolonged period of dry weather that leads to water shortage. A prolonged dry spell causes wells to dry up, leaving communities with limited drinking water.

STAGE 1 – Preparation

• Planning and organizing the earthquake drill

• Preparing an earthquake survival kit

• Identifying safe and unsafe zones

STAGE 2 – Evacuation Planning

• Developing the school evacuation plan

• Using all available open spaces nearest to the building/school

STAGE 3 – Orientation and Posting

• School personnel provide orientation prior to the conduct of an earthquake drill

• Posting the school evacuation map in every classroom and bulletin board

STAGE 4 – Execution of the Drill

• A one-minute alarm indicates earthquake or shaking

• Everyone should perform Duck, Cover, and Hold while the alarm is on

STAGE 5 – Post-Drill Evaluation

• Assessment of the conduct of the earthquake drill

• Identifying strengths and areas for improvement

• Giving feedback to improve future drills