PSYC 361 -- Behavior and cognitive behavioral therapy

Behavior Therapy

Treatment focusing on modifying harmful behaviors.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Therapy combining cognitive and behavioral techniques.

BEHAVIOR THERAPY

Focuses on learning models and conditioning.

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Learning through association, pioneered by Wolpe.

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

Uses operant conditioning techniques from Skinner.

CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT

Another term for behavior modification.

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

Learning by modeling behavior for clients.

COGNITION IN LEARNING

Involves watching, encoding, and observing behaviors.

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT)

Integrates cognitive restructuring with behavior therapy.

RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY

Developed by Albert Ellis, focuses on rational thinking.

DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY (DBT)

Used for BPD, created by Marsha Linehan.

ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (ACT)

Developed by Steven Hayes, emphasizes acceptance.

THIRD WAVE THERAPIES

Include DBT and ACT, focus on mindfulness.

SCIENTIST PRACTITIONER MODEL

Promotes theory and research in clinical psychology.

ANXIETY HIERARCHY

List of feared situations ranked by anxiety level.

COUNTERCONDITIONING

Eliciting a new response to replace an old one.

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

Combines exposure with relaxation techniques.

MUSCLE RELAXATION

Technique used to reduce anxiety during therapy.

SENSORY AWARENESS

Focus on body sensations, often through body scans.

EXPOSURE THERAPY

Confronting fears to reduce anxiety responses.

CASE STUDY

Real-life example demonstrating systematic desensitization.

DOUBLE BLIND TESTING

Participants unaware of treatment conditions.

BAD STIMULI

Negative images used in exposure therapy.

NEUTRAL STIMULI

Non-threatening images used in therapy.

COPING SKILLS

Strategies to manage anxiety and stress.

FORCED EXPOSURE

Deliberate confrontation of fears in therapy.

CLINICAL CHALLENGE

Maximizing effectiveness while minimizing harm.

RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS

Individuals involved in psychological studies.

FEARED SITUATIONS

Specific scenarios that provoke anxiety.

Exposure

Contact with fearsome events to reduce anxiety.

Mechanism of Change

Systematic desensitization in behavior therapy.

Behavior Rehearsal

Practicing skills like assertiveness through role play.

Contingency Management

Operant conditioning involving rewards and punishments.

Token Economy

Reward system using tokens for desired behaviors.

Aversion Therapy

Pairing negative feelings with stimuli to reduce attraction.

Gradual Exposure

Step-by-step approach to confront fear-inducing situations.

Classical Conditioning

Associating a neutral stimulus with a fear response.

Counterconditioning

Replacing fear response with a positive association.

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcing behaviors through rewards or punishments.

Reinforcement of Avoidance

Encouraging avoidance behavior increases fear.

Subtle Balance

Finding equilibrium between comfort and avoidance reinforcement.

Fear Reduction

Decreasing fear through exposure and conditioning techniques.

School Phobia

Intense fear of attending school situations.

Therapeutic Strategy

Using humor and distraction to alleviate anxiety.

Incentives for Attendance

Rewards for attending school without therapist presence.

Duration of Treatment

Behavior change observed after 4.5 months.

Adverse Situations

Negative experiences contributing to school avoidance.

Behavior Reinforcement

Encouraging desired behaviors through positive feedback.

Fearsome Situations

Challenging environments that provoke anxiety.

Therapist's Role

Guiding and supporting the child through exposure.

Approach Behaviors

Actions taken to confront and reduce fear.

Cognition

Mental processes influencing feelings and behaviors.

Phenomenological

Focus on subjective experiences and perceptions.

Free Will

Ability to make choices and change behavior.

Internal Conversation

Self-dialogue to challenge irrational thoughts.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

CBT branch focusing on rational thinking.

ABC Model

Framework: Activating event, Belief, Consequence.

Activating Event

Situation triggering emotional response in therapy.

Belief

Emotional response resulting from an activating event.

Consequence

Behavior resulting from emotional beliefs.

Irrational Beliefs

Unproductive beliefs that hinder personal growth.

Awfulizing

Exaggerating negative outcomes beyond reality.

Negative Triad

Negative views of self, world, and future.

Cognitive Biases

Distorted thinking affecting perception and beliefs.

Arbitrary Inference

Drawing conclusions without sufficient evidence.

Selective Abstraction

Focusing on negative details while ignoring positives.

Overgeneralization

Applying one negative experience to all situations.

Magnification

Exaggerating the importance of negative events.

Minimization

Downplaying the significance of positive experiences.

Dichotomous Thinking

Viewing situations in black-and-white terms.

Emotional Turmoil

Intense emotional distress from irrational thoughts.

Values Role

Influence of personal values on rationality.

Cognitive Schemata

Mental frameworks influencing perception of events.

Therapeutic Techniques

Methods used to shift self-talk and beliefs.

Arbitrary Inference

Conclusions drawn without sufficient evidence.

Selective Abstraction

Focusing on one negative detail, ignoring positives.

Overgeneralization

Major conclusions from trivial events.

Magnification

Exaggerating the significance of minor flaws.

Minimization

Downplaying achievements or positive outcomes.

Dichotomous Thinking

Viewing situations as all good or all bad.

Negative Schemas

Cognitive frameworks filtering experiences negatively.

REBT

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy by Albert Ellis.

Cognitive Therapy

Focus on cognitive distortions by Aaron Beck.

Bias

Current term replacing 'distortion' in cognitive therapy.

Complacency

Lack of motivation to improve or change.

Behavioral Changes

Encouraged actions in both Beck and Ellis therapies.

Assertion Training

Training to express thoughts and feelings appropriately.

Poor Communication

Leads to seeking assertion training.

Gestalt Therapy

Focus on personal experience and awareness.

Phenomenological Approach

Emphasizes subjective experience and free will.

Personal Distress

Criterion for seeking help in therapy.

Freud's Influence

Ellis's deterministic approach resembles Freud's theories.

Rogers' Influence

Beck's guiding approach resembles Rogers' humanistic therapy.

Cognitive Focus

Primary emphasis on cognition in therapy.

Unconscious Thoughts

Thoughts not in awareness affecting behavior.

Assertiveness

Ability to express thoughts and needs confidently.

Patient Response

Lack of knowledge on how to respond assertively.

Behavior in Assertiveness

Includes tone, posture, and expression.

Fear of Assertiveness

Concern that assertiveness leads to negative outcomes.

Values System

Cultural or personal beliefs discouraging assertiveness.